Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins in Airway and in COPD Mice: Regional Expression Difference and Potential Mechanism Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1)
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
Transforming growth factor type β1(TGF—β1)belong to a family of polypeptides with regulato-
ry effects on growth and differention of a variety of cells types.TGF—β1 play an important role
in regulation of immune response by acting as a negative modulate the cell proliferation through
still unknow mechanisms.We investigated the effect of TGF—β1 on the IL—2R expression and
proliferation activited DN cells and we observed that TGF—β1 was able to increase the expres-
sion of IL—2R in DN cells and to suppress the proliferation of DN cells and we have discussed
about these results.
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Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) is the adjusted factor, involving in progress of pulmonary inflammation, and also involving in chronic tissue reparation. TGF-β is a member of cytokine family involving in pulmonary fibrosis effected by TGF-β. The isoform's activities of TGF-β are closely related to its types and receptors' affinity. The signal pathways of TGF-β are believed to be primarily responsible for pulmonary fibrosis progression.
Key words:
Pulmonary fibrosis; Transforming growth factor-β1; Transforming growth factor-β1; Signalpathway
GDF15
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Marfan syndrome(MFS)is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder of connective tissue.Recent studies showed that regulation of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)signaling may play an crucial role in MFS.What'more,Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor Type Ⅱ(TGFBR2)and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor TypeⅠ(TGFBR1)mutations were identified in part of patients with MFS.This article reviewed the progress of the research on TGF-β and its receptor with MFS.
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Background
COPD is characterised by reduced airway lumen dimensions and fewer peripheral airways. Most studies of airway properties sample airways based upon lumen dimension or at random, which may bias comparisons given reduced airway lumen dimensions and number in COPD. We sought to compare central airway wall dimensions on CT in COPD and controls using spatially matched airways, thereby avoiding selection bias of airways in the lung.Methods
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study and Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) recruited smokers with COPD and controls aged 50–79 years and 40–80 years, respectively. COPD was defined by current guidelines. Using CT image data, airway dimensions were measured for all central airway segments (generations 0–6) following 5 standardised paths into the lungs. Case-control airway comparisons were spatially matched by generation and adjusted for demographics, body size, smoking, CT dose, per cent emphysema, airway length and lung volume.Results
Among 311 MESA COPD participants, airway wall areas at generations 3–6 were smaller in COPD compared with controls (all p<0.001). Among 1248 SPIROMICS participants, airway wall areas at generations 1–6 were smaller (all p<0.001), and this reduction was monotonic with increasing COPD severity (p<0.001). In both studies, sampling airways by lumen diameter or randomly resulted in a comparison of more proximal airways in COPD to more peripheral airways in controls (p<0.001) resulting in the appearance of thicker walls in COPD (p<0.02).Conclusions
Airway walls are thinner in COPD when comparing spatially matched central airways. Other approaches to airway sampling result in comparisons of more proximal to more distal airways and potentially biased assessment of airway properties in COPD.Lumen (anatomy)
Airway obstruction
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Functional biological assays were performed using a hybrid molecule of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-5 beta) where nine amino acids near the cleavage site of TGF-beta 1 were substituted with nine amino acids located in the identical position of TGF-beta 2. Bovine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells as well as rat epididymal fat pad microvascular endothelia were studied in three distinct bioassays examining proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. The data suggested TGF-5 beta elicited results that do not differ significantly from the TGF-beta 1 isoform, while TGF-beta 2 expressed unique characteristics. We have also shown that these amino acid substitutions to TGF-beta 1 do not, in fact, alter the biological functions of the growth factor.
BETA (programming language)
Cleavage (geology)
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