Orb5: A global electromagnetic gyrokinetic code using the PIC approach in toroidal geometry
Emmanuel LantiN. OhanaN. TronkoT. Hayward-SchneiderA. BottinoB.F. McMillanA. MishchenkoAaron ScheinbergA. BiancalaniPaolo AngelinoS. BrunnerJ. DominskiPeter DonnelC. GhellerR. HatzkyA. JockschS. JollietZhixin LuJ. P. Martin CollarI. NovikauÉric SonnendrückerT. VernayL. Ṽillard
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The formation of toroidal shapes has been suggested as a new decay mode for multifragment disintegration. The authors have numerically studied the time evolution of spherical, toroidal and disk-shaped nuclear systems under Coulomb interaction. The significance of several global observables as key signatures for toroidal shapes will be discussed.
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As a contactless applicator, the toroidal coil was proposed some time ago for stimulation of neural tissues in order to replace the electrodes. However; as compared to electrical stimulators, conventional toroids exhibit severe disadvantages including their relatively large volumes, their low power efficiency, and their low spatial accuracy. Here, the authors propose and analyse a new approach for toroidal coil systems that help to overcome the above mentioned problems. The method consists in passing the nerve trunk through the holes of two parallel toroidal coils. Their driving currents are opposing each other. This results in induced electric fields along the axis of the two toroidal coils. Focusing peaks for the induced fields and their derivatives, the so-called activating functions for long straight nerves, can be obtained by this method in the center in between the two toroids. Based on mathematical derivations and a numerical analysis of the induced fields and the activating functions, the optimum spacing between the two toroids was found to be equivalent to their radius. This new toroidal stimulation system might be useful in clinical applications involving the stimulation of nerve bundles such as the sciatic nerve or the nerves in the pelvic region controlling the bladder.
Biomagnetism
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Molecular mechanics
Strain (injury)
Strain energy
Carbon fibers
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The linear properties of zonal flows in toroidal rotating plasmas are investigated by using the gyrokinetic code NLT. To study the effects of toroidal rotation on zonal flows, the NLT code is upgraded to include the toroidal equilibrium flow. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical analyses. Besides, it is found that a sideband mode, the cos θ component of the geodesic acoustic mode, can be enhanced by toroidal rotation.
Gyrokinetics
Mode (computer interface)
Zonal flow (plasma)
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The technology of the stimulation of the toroidal worm is discussed in detail in this paper. In this paper, the technical scheme of the digital stimulation of the toroidal worm is established; the stimulating mathematical model is built. The digital stimulation and the contrast experiment of the toroidal worm are introduced, too.
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We study the dynamics of surface waves on a semi-toroidal ring of water that is excited by vertical vibration. We create this specific fluid volume by patterning a glass plate with a hydrophobic coating, which confines the fluid to a precise geometric region. To excite the system, the supporting plate is vibrated up and down, thus accelerating and decelerating the fluid ring along its toroidal axis. When the driving acceleration is sufficiently high, the surface develops a standing wave, and at yet larger accelerations, a traveling wave emerges. We also explore frequency dependencies and other geometric shapes of confinement.
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Toroidal rotation profiles are measured with charge exchange spectroscopy for a plasma heated with tangential neutral beam injection (NBI) in the Compact Helical System (CHS) heliotron/torsatron device [Ida et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 58 (1991)] to estimate the toroidal viscosity. The toroidal viscosity derived from the toroidal rotation velocity shows good agreement with the neoclassical toroidal viscosity plus the perpendicular viscosity (μ⊥=2 m2/s).
Gyrokinetics
Charge exchange
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Neutral Beam Injection
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This note contains some results related to the definitions of toroidal embeddings and toroidal morphisms over non-closed fields of characteristic zero.
Morphism
Zero (linguistics)
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