One-Time Education Sessions to Help American Indian Smokeless Tobacco Users Quit
Jason HaleCharley LewisNiaman NazirSean M. DaleyRyan GoecknerJordyn GunvilleBabalola FaseruK. Allen GreinerWon S. ChoiChristine Makosky Daley
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This paper reviews current data relating to the use of smokeless tobacco products in Canada. Sources of data include production, disposition, and sales statistics; special population surveys, and estimates obtained from the 1986 Labour Force Survey smoking supplement. In Canada, the use of smokeless tobacco products is confined to the male population. About 0.7% of males over age 15 use chewing tobacco and 0.4% use snuff. The pattern of use is similar to that of the United States in the early 70s. Prevalence rates for both substances tend to be higher in older age groups. Men employed in outdoor occupations are more likely to use chewing tobacco or snuff. Chewing tobacco use tends to be more prevalent in eastern Canada and snuff use in western Canada. The low national prevalence estimates conceal the relatively high usage rates among sub-populations. Among Inuit youth in the Northwest Territories in 1982, 25% of the 10-14 age group used smokeless tobacco.
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The use of smokeless forms of tobacco, such as snuff and chewing tobacco, is growing at alarming rates. The largest group of smokeless-tobacco users includes adolescent and young adult males. The health consequences related to smokeless-tobacco use include cancer of the oral mucosa and other sites, the potential for accelerated cardiovascular disease, and stress to the unborn infants of female users. This article provides background information about the problem and offers suggestions for interventions.
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To the Editor.—
Recent reports inJAMAand elsewhere are giving needed attention to the dangers and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use.1-3Perhaps most disquieting are patterns of snuff and chewing tobacco use among American adolescents.4Those who begin using smokeless tobacco early in life not only are at risk for tissue damage from snuff and chewing tobacco products but also may later meet their nicotine dependence through cigarettes and other smoked tobacco products. As such, we have become interested in the use of smokeless tobacco among a US adolescent population with early and extreme patterns of smokeless tobacco use— Native American adolescents. Presented here are data on snuff and chewing tobacco use reported by 168 Native American adolescents from Alaska and Washington state. The 77 females and 91 males, who had a mean age of 11.8 years, primarily resided on or near Indian reservations and Native villages.Snuff
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During the past 10 years, it has been noted that a number of children and adolescents are using smokeless tobacco in the form of oral snuff and chewing tobacco. The sale of these products has increased dramatically in the last decade, with more than 15 million people in the United States estimated to use snuff or chewing tobacco. This article describes the distribution of smokeless tobacco use, its health consequences, and how and why the dentist is an appropriate health professional to reduce its use.
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This is a report on smokeless tobacco use among Native American youth from Indian reservations in Washington State. Study findings indicate that snuff and chewing tobacco are used frequently, heavily, and at an early age by Native Americans. Nearly one-half of our subjects had used smokeless tobacco on 11 to 20 or more occasions; close to one-third of all the females had used smokeless tobacco on more than 20 occasions. Weekly users in this study were young. Of those Native subjects who used snuff or chewing tobacco weekly, 72% were under 12 years of age. Among youth who reported weekly smokeless tobacco use, about 74% of all females and 90% of all males had first used snuff or chewing tobacco before they were 10 years old. Study results have implications for efforts toward detection, treatment, and prevention of snuff and chewing tobacco use among Native American adolescents.
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The use of smokeless tobacco (snuff dipping) is very popular in Sweden. Among young men under 35 years of age, 30 percent use the Swedish moist snuff. Loose moist snuff and portion-packed moist snuff are the most popular products, while chewing tobacco has a very small consumer group in Sweden.
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Abstract. The argument put forward by West & Krafona that the continued availability of Skoal Bandits in the UK would have led to a decrease in tobacco‐related diseases is not supported by the available evidence. It has not been established that young people take up snuff dipping instead of smoking. On the contrary, most studies suggest that both habits co‐exist. That smokeless tobacco is less addictive than cigarette smoking is by no means proven—it may well be that both habits are equally addictive. The aggressive marketing techniques of a leading American smokeless tobacco manufacturer resulted in the creation of a new generation of snuff dippers in the USA; there is little to suggest that the same would not have happened in the UK and in other countries targeted by this and other manufacturers.
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