General conditions for railway wheel polygonal wear to evolve
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This paper reports fundamental research on the general conditions for railway wheel polygonal wear to evolve. A common workflow for prediction of railway wheel polygonization is presented including assumptions, simulation scheme, and wear models. Based on this workflow, some rules for the evolution of railway wheel polygonization are proposed providing innovative perspectives to understand the basic mechanism of railway wheel polygonization. After summarising these rules, the general conditions for railway wheel polygonal wear to evolve are established. The phase between the instantaneous wear depth and the excitation is the key indicator determining the wheel OOR (Out-Of-Roundness) evolution direction (to grow or to diminish). The evolution tendency curve obtained from the instantaneous wear FRF (Frequency Response Function) is a useful tool to predict the OOR evolution, especially for predicting the OOR order that would grow predominantly at a given speed. If one or more structural modes can dominate the evolution tendency curve, and the energy distribution of track excitation allows this/these structural modes to be excited effectively, corresponding OOR orders can occur dominantly.Keywords:
Blanking
Roundness (object)
Metal blanking is a widely used process in high volume production of sheet metal components. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the state of the several blanking processes including conventional blanking, fineblanking and rotary blanking from both experimental research and finite element analysis. This paper also includes the blanking mechanicals.
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Because of the high precision in roundness, straightness and roughness, it is very difficult to machining the inner surface of injection nozzle. Honing machine is the main equipment for machining the injection nozzle. The key honing control techniques and honing test for injection nozzle on the developed high precision vertical honing machine are analyzed. The quantitative expansion，which is one of the most important feeding styles in honing process, is discussed in detail. Some machining tests on the developed honing machine are made and the work pieces of injection nozzles with inner surface Φ11mm are honed successfully with roundness tolerance less than 0.4μm, straightness tolerance less than 1μm and roughness tolerance less than 0.04μm.
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The plastic analysis software DEFORM was used to simulate the blanking process of metal plastic without burr. Based on theory of the rigid FEM, the geometry model used for blanking with a negative clearance was established. The facts of influence the quality of the blanking work pieces were analyzed and concluded, at the same time, the parameters were indicated to improve the quality of the blanking work pieces. Through the experiment, the blanking load was measured with different clearance, thickness and material in group. The reciprocity between these facts was analyzed and the clearance was optimized. After the blanking load was regress analysis, the coefficient of the load and these facts were researched. Using quality analysis of the work pieces in the experiment, the thickness and the material were obtained which were suitable for blanking of metal plastic without burr. The reactions which were used to separate the metal were studied, which offered thereunder for proper remaining based on the better quality and smaller blanking load.
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The definition of blanking technique is provided.The importance of blanking technique on improving the function of laser receiving system is explained based on analyzing the working environment of laser receiving system.And the operation principle of blanking technique and the circuit design for the implementation of hievinghip off kingttemof improving the function of laser receiving system on the basisblanking technique are introduced.And the relationship of time-series on blanking circuit and the choice of pulse width of the blanking signal are analyzed mainly.
Blanking
SIGNAL (programming language)
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The similarities and differences of the general blanking technics and precision blanking technics were introduced, and the advanced technology of precision blanking was presented. The function of the blanking parts’ quality control in the fine blanking technology and its mechanism were analyzed in detail. Point out that widely use the fine blanking technics can promote the level of China’s manufacturing industry.
Blanking
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The blanking clearance is a very important process parameter for the die design,which not only affects blanking power,blanking force,unloading force,the force of top pieces,but also the precision of the blanking,quality of the section and long service life of the die,etc.Therefore,in order to meet the quality requirements of the blanking parts and prolong the service life of mold,the reasonable blanking clearance is particularly necessary.A set of mold was designed to determine reasonable blanking clearance value.Several punches were applied for the blanking process at the same time,which could succeed in changing the female die rapidly without removing the mold.This method can provide different blanking clearance value and improve the experiment efficiency.
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New process of multi-hole blanking for flexibly locating and blanking die construction are introduced in this paper.The result shows that it is a practical,effective and feasible approach to reduce pieces costs.It solves manufacturing problem in this situation too.It has a prevalent economic and extensive social significance in blanking industry.
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Based on analysis of the stamping process,a study was made on various factors that influence the quality of a fine-blanking part with the ratio of ring width to thickness as 0.6.Some key factors that affect the roundness of the fine-blanking macroporous ring part were found and the out of roundness problem of inner holes was solved.
Blanking
Roundness (object)
Stamping
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Based on the basic technology problems of the close clearance,difficult mold manufacturing and high requirement for the blanking equipment in the sheet blanking process,the major technology methods of the blanking were introduced.The currently common used methods were made into four categories: the polyurethane blanking,the roll blanking,the tensile stress blanking and the close clearance blanking.The blanking principle,the die structure,the characteristics and the application field of the four processing methods were introduced and it could be a reference for selecting the blanking process method in practical production.
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Fine-blanking with negative clearance is a special kind of metal plastic processing technology.Many experiments in fine-blanking with negative clearance and common blanking with AISI-1045are made.The actual blanking force curves is gotten.Simulation is carried on the blanking processes using Deform software,and theoretic blanking force curves and damage of the cross section.The contrast between experimental study and simulation shows that the fine-blanking with negative clearance force reduces more gently than common blanking and the quality of fine-blanking with negative clearance workpiece is better.
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