Insomnia in personality disorders and substance use disorders
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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of polysomnography (PSG) parameters in patients with insomnia. Methods Polysomnographic recordings were performed in 62 patients with insomnia and 22 normal subjects. The sleep parameters were analyzed. Results A prolonged sleep latency (21.7 minutes longer than normal control), increased awake frequency (5.4 awakes more than normal), decreased total sleep duration (330.6 minutes shorter than normal), low sleep efficiency (73.3% lower than normal), abnormal sleep architecture such as decreased REM sleep (17.1%) and decreased REM density and REM activity were found in patients with insomnia. The difference between subjective sleep and objective estimates of sleep was significant ( P 0.05～0.01). Conclusion There are varying features of PSG parameters with patients insomnia. PSG may be helpful in evaluating the sleep quality of insomnia.
Sleep
Sleep onset latency
Sleep Stages
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Sleep medicine
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AIM:To observe the effects of zolpidem on polysomnography (PSG) in patients with insomnia.METHODS:Twenty-six patients with insomnia received PSG in three consecutive night and received zolpidem 20 mg before sleep on night 3.Thirty-three normal subjects received PSG on an adaptation night and a baseline night.RESULTS:Compared with baseline night,sleep efficiency of patients with insomnia improved (P0.05),awakening time reduced (P0.01),stage 1 time decreased (P0.01),stage 2 time increased (P0.01 ),sleep latency shortened (P0.01) on night 3.CONCLUSION:Zolpidem has effects on PSG in patients with insomnia.
Zolpidem
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Chronic Insomnia
Primary Insomnia
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Abstract Overnight polysomnography is the “gold standard” for diagnosing sleep‐disordered breathing. However, the limited number of resources for pediatric polysomnography make the availability of a screening test for sleep‐disordered breathing highly desirable. Therefore, we compared 1 hour daytime nap polysomnography to overnight polysomnography in 40 children [mean age, 5.4 ± 0.8 (SE) years] with sleep‐disordered breathing; 76% of children were sedated with chloral hydrate for nap polysomnography; none was sedated for overnight polysomnography. Studies were done 26 ± 4 days apart. Chest wall motion, ECG, end‐tidal PCO 2 (P ET CO 2 ), arterial oxygen saturation (Sa ), and electrooculogram were monitored. Nap studies had a sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 17% in predicting sleep‐disordered breathing. Significantly more children had obstructive apnea and desaturation (Sa < 90%) during overnight polysomnography. The peak P ET CO 2 and the Sa nadir were significantly worse during overnight polysomnography. However, the percentage of time during which abnormalities were manifested did not differ between nap and overnight polysomnography. Despite the use of sedation, nap polysomnography underestimated sleep‐disordered breathing. We conclude that sleep‐disordered breathing detected by nap polysomnography is always confirmed by overnight polysomnography and speculate that nap polysomnography may be an effective screening method for sleep‐disordered breathing. However, overnight polysomnography should be performed if nap polysomnography is inconclusive. Chloral hydrate may be used effectively to facilitate sleep for nap polysomnography in children. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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While COVID-19 is predominantly considered to be an acute self-remitting disease, it has been pointed out that a variety of symptoms can linger for several months, a phenomenon identified as long-COVID. Insomnia is particularly prevalent in long-COVID. In the present study, we aimed at confirming and characterising insomnia in long-COVID patients through polysomnography and to identify whether its parameters differ from patients with chronic insomnia and no long-COVID history.We conducted a case-control study, including 17 long-COVID patients with insomnia symptoms (cases), and 34 2:1 matched controls with a diagnostic of chronic insomnia and no history of long-COVID. All underwent a one-night polysomnography (PSG).First, we observed that long-COVID patients with insomnia complaints have altered PSG parameters, in favour of the diagnosis of chronic insomnia. Second, we show that insomnia related to long-COVID PSG parameters was not significantly different from regular chronic insomnia PSG parameters.Our results indicate that even though it is one of the most prevalent symptoms of long-COVID, its related insomnia resembles typical chronic insomnia, based on PSG studies. Even though additional studies are warranted, our results suggest that the pathophysiology and therapeutic options should be similar to those recommended for chronic insomnia.
Chronic Insomnia
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‘Personality and personality disorders’ covers how personality influences and is influenced by psychiatric disorders, and also the disorders of personality. Personality refers to the wide range of ensuring qualities and behaviours that characterize an individual and that we generally use to recognize them. This chapter covers the varied theories of personality, both of personality types and personality development. It covers the classification of abnormal personalities and the range of personality disorders, along with their diagnostic criteria and how this classification is currently being subject to potentially radical reorganization. While the diagnosis of personality disorders remains controversial it is an essential tool in clinical psychiatry. Its course, impact, and treatment and management strategies are outlined, with particular attention paid to the impact of personality disorders on the outcome of other psychiatric and medical conditions and the ethical problems such disorders present.
Personality psychology
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Objective To study the subjective estimation on sleep quality of the patients with insomnia followed by objective observation on their sleep quality using polysomnography and to compare the subjective estimate of sleep with objective polysomnographic data.Methods 100 patients of insomnia amt 100 normal controls were measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and underwent all-night polysomnography.The sleep latency,total sleep time and sleep efficiency were rated after getting up the next morning.Results There were significant differences of sleep quality between the patients with insomnia and the normal controls.A prolonged sleep latency(patients with insomnia 43.69±11.54,normal controls 16.01 ±10.44),decreased total sleep duration(patients with insomnia 314.65±91.89,normal contols 446.41± 77.81),low sleep efficiency(patients with insomnia 64.51%±18.59%,normal controls 91.32%± 3.58%),abnormal sleep architecture such as decreased REM sleep(patients with insomnia 33.26±15.61, normal controls 93.21±21.63)were found in patients with insomnia.The difference between subjective sleep and objective estimates of sleep was significant.Conclusions The insomnia patients have lower sleep quality and varying features of PSG parameters.There are differences between subjective and objective estimates of sleep in the insomniacs.The insomniacs tend to overestimate the sleep latency and underestimate the sleep time.Observation and quantitative analysis of polysomnograms might distinguish subjective insomnia from objective insomnia.
Sleep onset latency
Sleep
Primary Insomnia
Sleep Stages
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Objective: To investigate and research related to nursinginterventions for polysomnography(PSG) results and applications. Methods: Between May 2013 to May 2014, in the hospital clinical information on polysomnography(PSG), 234 patients were analyzed retrospectively. And these 234 cases were randomly divided into a control group and the experimental group, the control group on the implementation of conventional polysomnography(PSG), to observe the group during polysomnography to nursing intervention on the basis of sleep apnea monitoring, monitoring results were observed in both groups and family satisfaction and so on. Results: Observation group monitoring the success rate in terms of patient and family satisfaction, etc. are better than the control group, a significant difference(x2=7.420, x2=3.020, x2=3.906; P0.05) between the study group and the control group. Conclusion: On the basis of polysomnography(PSG) on the appropriate nursing interventions to help improve the success rate and the accuracy of the monitoring will help provide a good diagnosis.
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Insomnia is a broad term for sleep disturbances that may include difficulty getting to sleep (sleep onset insomnia), difficulty staying asleep (sleep maintenance insomnia), or having non-restorative sleep. To be diagnosed with insomnia the symptoms should have been present for at least four weeks and be associated with impaired daytime functioning.
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