Presence of Environmental Risk Assessments for LMOs in nature and Future Considerations based on New Biotechnologies
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The question that is posed by this presentation is whether or not risk assessments are a valuable tool or an exercise in futility. Organisations are faced with a conundrum, as WHS/OHS Legislation identifies that employers must ensure the health and safety of people 'so far as reasonably practicable This is done by identifying the hazard and controlling the risk. But regulators state that the 'method does not require elaborate systems or large amounts of paper to support it. How the method is put into action depends on the complexity of the hazards or risks, the nature of the organisation and how its business is conducted. What happens if the risk assessment is wrong? Who is qualified to prepare a risk assessment? Assessing risk is not an exact science. It relies on knowledge, experience and an understanding of chemicals, processes and human behaviour. What one person considers as a risk another may not. This presentation also poses the question of whether or not having a poorly prepared risk assessment is better than having no risk assessment. Using case studies this presentation will examine the advantages and disadvantages of proprietary risk assessments along with other issues that are that seemed to have become urban myths when completing risk assessments.
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The purpose of this article is to focus on the appropriate use and development of risk assessment and to point out that many of the perceived shortcomings, in fact, represent limitations imposed by the framework in which it is being used and failure to understand the situations for which risk assessment is suited. Risk assessment/risk management is really a three-step not a two-step process. The first step, preceding risk assessment, is science policy, in which the guidelines for the generic performance of risk assessments are established. The benefits of risk assessment to appropriate environmental regulation not only are direct, in terms of improved decision making and priority setting, but also they have the major indirect value of focusing research efforts on crucial uncertainties in a manner that has not been possible in the past.
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Safety assessment and environmental risk assessment belong to risk assessment.With the project example of environmental risk assessment of Maleic anhydride,it was shown that during environmental risk assessment how to use safety assessment,combine their correlation and distinguish their emphasis so that the environmental risk assessment of chemical industry project can be carried out effectively.
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Environmental Risk Assessment
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Environmental Risk Assessment
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Problem formulation, risk analysis, and risk characterization are, respectively, the design, estimation, and interpretation stages of risk assessment. Models traditionally have been used to estimate exposure and effects; now opportunities are growing to use them to design and interpret risk assessments as well. This could raise the level of rigor, reproducibility, and transparency in the risk assessment process, and improve the way information and expertise gets integrated to advise risk managers. The importance of good design and interpretation to the success of risk assessment and risk management, and the role of modeling in that success, is becoming increasingly apparent, but to date models are used only to a fraction of their potential. We provide two examples of the use of models to design and interpret risk assessments. The first looks at the use of models to better characterize risks by modeling uncertainties and exposure from offsite sources, and the second to forecast future risks of a new technology. Following the examples, we discuss some important obstacles to translating new modeling opportunities into practice. These include practical limits on the abilities of organizations to assimilate new tools and methods, and conceptual limits in the way people think about models.
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The need to prevent possible adverse environmental health impacts resulting from synthetic biology (SynBio) products is widely acknowledged in both the SynBio risk literature and the global regulatory community. However, discussions of potential risks of SynBio products have been largely speculative, and the attempts to characterize the risks of SynBio products have been non-uniform and entirely qualitative. As the discipline continues to accelerate, a standardized risk assessment framework will become critical for ensuring that the environmental risks of these products are characterized in a consistent, reliable, and objective manner that incorporates all SynBio-unique risk factors. Current established risk assessment frameworks fall short of the features required of this standard framework. To address this, we propose the Quantitative Risk Assessment Method for Synthetic Biology Products (QRASynBio) – an incremental build on established risk assessment methodologies that supplements traditional paradigms with the SynBio risk factors that are currently absent and necessitates quantitative analysis for more transparent and objective risk characterizations. The proposed framework facilitates defensible quantification of the environmental risks of SynBio products in both foreseeable and hypothetical use scenarios. Additionally, we show how the proposed method can promote increased experimental investigation into the likelihood of hazard and exposure parameters and highlight the parameters where uncertainty should be reduced, leading to more targeted risk research and more precise characterizations of risk.
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Environmental Risk Assessment
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There is a growing need for good environmental risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). Environmental risk assessment of ENPs has been hampered by lack of data and knowledge about ENPs, their environmental fate, and their toxicity. This leads to uncertainty in the risk assessment. To deal with uncertainty in the risk assessment effectively, probabilistic methods are advantageous. In the present study, the authors developed a method to model both the variability and the uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of ENPs. This method is based on the concentration ratio and the ratio of the exposure concentration to the critical effect concentration, both considered to be random. In this method, variability and uncertainty are modeled separately so as to allow the user to see which part of the total variation in the concentration ratio is attributable to uncertainty and which part is attributable to variability. The authors illustrate the use of the method with a simplified aquatic risk assessment of nano-titanium dioxide. The authors' method allows a more transparent risk assessment and can also direct further environmental and toxicological research to the areas in which it is most needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2958-2967. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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