Single-dose Albendazole 400 mg Effectiveness in <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> and <i>Trichuris trichiura </i>Infections
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Abstract:
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis is caused by nematode worm infections, namely Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) and Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm). At present, the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Indonesia is still high. To reduce the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Indonesia, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia holds a mass worm treatment program for pre-school age children and school-aged children. The drug given is albendazole 400 mg single dose. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a single dose of albendazole 400 mg against infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. This study used a Pre-Experiment research design (One Group Pretest-Posttest). The research subjects were 66 people. Subjects positive for Ascaris lumbricoides were 37 people (mild infection 67.57%, moderate infection 27.03% and severe infection 5.41%). After giving a single dose of albendazole 400 mg to 37 people who were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, 37 people had not found eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides on faecal examination after treatment. Positive subjects Trichuris trichiura were 54 people (mild infections 51.85%, moderate infections 44.44% and severe infections 3.73%). After giving a single dose of albendazole 400 mg to 54 positive people Trichuris trichiura, in severe infections, the percentage of eggs dropped was 100%. In moderate infections, the percentage of the number of eggs dropped is 95.83%. In mild infections, the percentage of total recovery was 7.14%, and the percentage of eggs dropped was 39.29%. The results of the Wilcoxon test on Ascaris lumbricoides obtained a significance value of <0.05, which means that there are significant differences in the examination before treatment and after treatment. The results of the Wilcoxon test on Trichuris trichiura obtained a significance value of 0.05, which means there were no significant differences in the results of the examination before treatment and after treatment. Albendazole 400 mg single dose is effective against Ascaris lumbricoides infection and is not effective against Trichuris trichiura infection.Keywords:
Trichuris trichiura
Albendazole
Trichuriasis
Trichuris
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm Infections
Mebendazole
Hookworm Infections
The survey on soil-transmitted helminthiasis was carried out in the three villages of Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, between October 1981 and December 1982. The prevalence rates of geohelminthiasis proved to be extremely high (average 97%) in the three villages and more than 70% harboured three or more helminths, especially Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm. Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were detected in 61.1% and 52.2% of 835 fecal specimens, respectively. The effects of two anthelmintics, Combantrin and Trivexan, were essentially the same against A. lumbricoides and hookworm, although Trivexan was better than Combantrin against T. trichiura. The kinetic changes of parasitic infection in community after mass treatment were examined. Ten months after the first drug treatment, the incidence of Ascariasis or trichuriasis reverted nearly to pre-treatment level, while hookworm infection rate remained significantly low. Four months after the second mass treatment, the reinfection rate of A. lumbricoides was most prevalent followed by trichuriasis and hookworm infection. The reinfection rate (63.6%) of A. lumbricoides in children was about six times higher than that (10.4%) in adults at four month after the mass treatment. This study indicates that mass treatment with Trivexan at two month intervals for children and four month intervals for adults is necessary for the effective helminth control scheme in highly endemic areas of North Sumatra.
Trichuris trichiura
Ancylostoma duodenale
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
Ancylostomiasis
Mebendazole
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Sixty six children (40 males, 26 females) aged from 4 to 14 years with hookworm infection were treated with mebendazole. Thirty one and 35 children were treated with mebendazole 300 mg single dose and 600 mg conventional regimen respectively. Stool examination by Kato-Katz technique were done for 3 consecutive days before treatment and on day 14-16, 21-23 after treatment. The cure rate with 300 mg mebendazole was 16.1% with 90.9% egg reduction while 600 mg mebendazole gave 91.4% cure rate with 99.5% egg reduction. No side effects were observed in all children. Four hundred and six adult worms were identified, 99% were Necator Americanus, 0.5% Ancylostoma duodenale and 0.5% Ancylostoma ceylanicum.
Mebendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
Albendazole
Cure rate
Ancylostomiasis
Regimen
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In August 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on Mafia Island. Hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas Trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. In a subsample of the study population, both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were found, although N. americanus was more prevalent. This survey was followed by a parasitological evaluation of mebendazole treatment using a single, 500-mg dose. The data on outcome were used for comparison with those from recent studies of similar treatment regimens in the neighbouring island of Pemba, Zanzibar, where periodic chemotherapy with mebendazole to schoolchildren has been implemented as part of a helminth-control programme since 1994. A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there.
Mebendazole
Trichuris trichiura
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm Infections
Trichuriasis
Albendazole
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A parasitological survey was conducted on the inhabitants of six villages of Kao District, Halmahera Island, North Maluku, Indonesia, in July 1993. A total of 422 fecal samples were examined by using Kato-Katz thick smear, modified Harada-Mori culture and formalin ether concentration techniques. Seven nematode species, ie Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis and unidentified rhabditoids of free-living nature, were detected. Trematode and cestode infection was not proven. Necator americanus was the predominant species of hookworm. Soil-transmitted nematode infections were highly prevalent. Among the young inhabitants aged less than 15, positive rates of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections were 32.7, 52.7 and 68.6%, respectively. Among the people aged 15 or more, the positive rate for hookworm (85.9%) was much higher than that for Ascaris and Trichuris (13.5 and 40.5%, respectively). Egg count revealed that more than 90% of inhabitants with Trichuris or hookworm had light infections. The latrines in the surveyed area seemed to have only limited effects on the improvement of the parasitological status because the prevalence of Trichuris infections was much higher in a village where most houses were provided with latrines. These conflicting conditions were considered to have been caused by many factors including the inadequate structure of the latrines.
Trichuris
Trichuris trichiura
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm Infections
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Ascaris
Strongyloides stercoralis
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SummaryBephenium hydroxynaphthoate administered to children 10 to 15 years of age in total amounts of 4.0 to 17.5 grams (base) over a period of 1 to 7 days proved to be highly effective against Ancylostoma duodenale and Ascaris lumbricoides. It was less effective against Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura. The side effects from the 5- and 7-day courses of therapy were of sufficient severity and frequency to limit the use of these therapeutic regimes in mass therapy. However, when a total of 5.0 grams of the base was given in two doses on 1 day, the side reactions were not significant or extensive and the Ancylostoma and Ascaris cure rates were excellent. This latter regime appears to be the most desirable one at present, although it is possible that further study may show that 1-day therapy with doses smaller than 5.0 grams is effective. Pharmacologic studies indicate that this drug is safe in therapeutic dosage.
Ancylostoma duodenale
Trichuris trichiura
Ascaris
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Mebendazole
Ancylostomiasis
Hookworm Infections
Ancylostoma
Trichuris
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A new anthelmintic drug, albendazole, has been tested in a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled study in 392 patients from France and West Africa in children and adults with single or mixed infections caused by roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, threadworms and tapeworms. All patients were closely observed before and after treatment for clinical side effects, hematological or clinical blood chemical changes. Fecal samples obtained before, and 7 days and 21 days after treatment were examined using a concentration technic (Ritchie), a coproculture (Harada-Mori) and an egg count (Kato). Following a single dose of 400 mg in adults, cure rates of 96% in ascardiasis, 96% in ancylostomiasis caused by Ancylostoma duodenale, 90% in ancylostomiasis caused by Necator americanus and 76% in trichuriasis were recorded. About 48% of the patients infected by Strongyloides stercoralis were cured following administration of 400 mg per day for 3 consecutive days. The efficacy of half of the adult dose (200 mg) was much lower in children. None of the patients who received placebo were cured. The drug did not produce any significant side effects and approximately the same numbers were reported in the albendazole and the placebo groups. No variations of the hematology and clinical blood chemistry values were recorded.
Albendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hookworm Infections
Ancylostomiasis
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Strongyloidiasis
Ancylostoma caninum
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Albendazole
Ancylostomiasis
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
Ancylostoma duodenale
Hematology
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Albendazole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic, was administered as a 400 mg single dose to 20 patients harbouring Ascaris (ten cases), hookworms (four cases each of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) and trichuriasis (ten cases). Faeces were obtained before treatment and during the following five days. Coprocultures were made for 90 days for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs, hookworm eggs were cultured by the Harada-Mori technique for at least eight days. Albendazole was ovicidal against all four genera of nematodes.
Ancylostomiasis
Trichuriasis
Albendazole
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
Ancylostoma
Pyrantel
Trichuris
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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, and schistosomiasis and other trematodiases often have a high prevalence in developing countries. Here, we present updated information on the prevalence of these parasites in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) in 2012, arising from the annual national helminthiasis survey. Fecal specimens were collected from 8,610 inhabitants of 12 provinces and one municipality (Bokeo, Houaphan, Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, and Phongsaly Provinces from northern Lao PDR; Bolikhamxay and Xieng Khouang Provinces and Vientiane Municipality from the central part of the country; and Attapeu, Champasak, Saravan, and Sekong Provinces from southern Lao PDR). The overall prevalence of three major STHs, Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura , and hookworms ( Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale ) were 11.6%, 8.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. Prevalence of Schistosoma mekongi infection was 0.1%, and of miscellaneous trematodiases (including opisthorchiasis) was 14.0%. Clearly, the nationwide parasite control project is still necessary to reduce morbidity caused by helminthic diseases.
Trichuriasis
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
Ascaris
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Journal Article Albendazole: placebo-controlled study in 870 patients with intestinal helminthiasis Get access Jean Francois Rossignol, Jean Francois Rossignol University of South Alabama Medical College, Dept. of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herve Maisonneuve Herve Maisonneuve University of South Alabama Medical College, Dept. of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 77, Issue 5, 1983, Pages 707–711, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(83)90211-0 Published: 01 January 1983 Article history Published: 01 January 1983 Accepted: 30 March 1983
Albendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale
Trichuriasis
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercoralis
Ancylostomiasis
Mebendazole
Strongyloidiasis
Hookworm Infections
Hookworm Infections
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Citations (59)