Characterization of the Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Metabolic Pathway in the Novel Isolate Pseudomonas putida ALS1267
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Pseudomonas putida
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Metabolic pathway
Hydroxymethylfurfural
본 연구에서는 친환경 에너지 및 화합물 생산의 원료로 사용될 수 있는 당(sugar: glucose, xylose)을 목질계 바이오매스로부터 생산하고자 목질계 바이오매스의 초임계수 당화 처리를 수행하였다. 그러나 이를 통해 생산된 액상 당화액 내 당 외다양한 가수분해 산물이 존재함을 확인하였다. 특히, glucose 및 xylose의 가수 분해로 생성된 furfural 및 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) 함량의 비중이 높았다. 따라서 상기 2가지 화합물을 제거하기 위한 방법을 탐색하였고, 그 중 수처리 분야에서 일부 활용되고 있는 전기화학적 방법을 해당 공정에 적합하게 개선하여 적용시켰다. 전기화학적 처리 결과, 액상 내 furfural 및 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 함량이 현저히 감소되었으나 당 함량 변화에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 해당 처리를 통한 furfural 및 5-hydroxymethylfurfural의 변환 메커니즘과 당 생산 공정에서의 사용 적합성에 대해 검토하였다.
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Abstract Furfural (2-Jfuraldehyde) and hydroxymethylfurfural (S-hydroxy-2-furaIdehyde, HMF) are determined in brandy and honey by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Brandies and other spirits are injected without sample preparation; honey is diluted with water and the solution is filtered before injection onto a reverse phase column with detection at 285 nm. The mobile phase is methanol–water (10+90) and the effluent flow rate is maintained at 1.0 mL/min. External standardization is used for quantitative determination. Recoveries from cognac and honey spiked at different levels ranged from 95 to 99% (furfural) and 95 to 100% (HMF). The furfural content of the brandies was also determined by the existing colorimetric method of the Bureau National Interprofessionel du Cognac. The HMF content of the honey was correlated to the results of the classic method of Winkler.
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Biomass-produced furanics, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), are considered as vital platform chemicals used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), commodity goods, and fuels. The primary challenge associated with their production pertains to the high cost involved in scaling up to industrial levels. Consequently, it is essential to explore more cost-effective options that yield efficient end products. In this study, the use of Lewis and Brønsted acids such as HCl and AlCl3 enhances the isomerization of glucose through catalytic dehydration into 5-HMF. It was observed that employing moderate reaction conditions increased the yield of 5-HMF to 44.94 % and 50.60 % respectively, with changes in HCl concentration and AlCl3 mass loading. The suitable conditions to achieve the highest yield of 5-HMF were 100 μL of HCl, 0.75 g of AlCl3, reaction temperature 150 °C, and reaction time 4 h. In the second experiment, corncob was converted into furfural in the presence of 20 % H2SO4, in combination with NaCl as a promoter. The optimal conditions under which a yield of 44.77 % was achieved were as follows: 50 mL of 20 % H2SO4, reaction temperature 140 °C, 0.5 g of NaCl, 5 g of corncob, and reaction time 160 min. Furthermore, a proposed reaction mechanism was outlined to elucidate the pathway for the production of the aforementioned platform chemicals.
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Several simple and effective solvents combined with Hβ zeolite were tested to selectively convert glucose into furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in this work. The physicochemical properties of typically different polar aprotic solvents were compared. Tetrahydrofuran was found to be a suitable solvent in the selective conversion of glucose. The effect of reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, water content, glucose dosage and protonic acid addition, on the product distribution were investigated in detail. Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural could be selectively produced in this system, and the highest yields of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural were up to 35.2% and 49.7% respectively. Furfural could be stable in a tetrahydrofuran medium when adding 5 wt% water in the absence of extra protonic acid. However, furfural production was extremely suppressed after addition of an acidic inorganic salt, which increased the yield of hydroxymethylfurfural. This investigation indicates a simple and feasible method to selectively produce furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural from renewable cellulosic carbohydrates.
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Acid catalyzed decomposition of C 5 and C 6 sugars has been considered an important source of biomass derived chemicals.An essential step in this process is the extraction of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid from aqueous phase.In this work, a computational screening of 178 organic solvents for simultaneous extraction of these chemicals from aqueous phase has been done with the continuum SMD (solvation model based on density) model.Our analysis has taken in account the partition coefficient, water miscibility, boiling point and toxicity of the organic solvents.The present theoretical results indicate that C 6 and C 7 ketones are the most adequate solvents, and 4-heptanone is predicted to be particularly useful.
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Hydroxymethylfurfural
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This review presents recent advances in the production of biomass derived furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and in their catalytic conversion into chemicals and fuelsvia transfer hydrogenation, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes.
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A wide overview of the biphasic production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from lignocellulosic sugars is presented together with a screening of solvents following a methodology based on COSMO-RS and section guides.
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