Enhanced bioactivity of Si3N4 through trench-patterning and back-filling with Bioglass®
Elia MarinTetsuya AdachiMatteo ZanoccoFrancesco BoschettoAlfredo RondinellaWenliang ZhuShota SomekawaRyutaro AshidaRyan M. BockBryan J. McEntireB. Sonny BalOsam MazdaGiuseppe Pezzotti
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In this work, ceramic materials based on silicon carbide and silicon nitride with an additive were obtained to increase the mechanical and operational properties of fibers and whisker crystals of SiC and Si3N4. Studied the basic properties and applications of reinforced materials.
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The key factor in success of dental implants is its ability to integrate with the surrounding bone, or in short, osseointegration. The events leading tosuccess or failure of osseointegration of a dental implant takes place mostly at the tissue- implant surface. It would be no doubt to say, that the implant surface offers the greatest potential to alter the process of osseointegration.Although the main purpose of surface modification of implants is to achieve better osseointegration, a shortened period of healing is desirable for both the clinician and the patient.
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The stability of dental implants is a prerequisite for osseointegration. Osseointegration is the process that involves the formation of bone around the dental implant, resulting in increased stability and its integration in the organism. Therefore, successful osseointegration contributes to a functionally optimal treatment. There is a need for a clinical method capable of measurement of bone quality at the time and following implant placement, to measure the degree of osseointegration and the ability of the implants to distribute loads to the surrounding bone. Research to date focuses on finding an ideal method to assess the osseointegration of dental implants in order to improve and broaden the clinical indications of dental implant systems. This paper aims to supply information about current methods used to assess the osseointegration of dental implants. In this regard, a literature review was conducted. Full-text scientific articles relevant to the chosen topic, written in English or whose text could be accessed in English were included.
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Objective To analyze the effect of clinical factors on implant osseointegration formation. Methods A clinical study using the Branemark dental implant system was carried out on 230 patients. The second stage procedure was performed at 3-6 months postoperatively. The status of implant osseointegration was assessed by X-ray and clinical examination. Result Among 520 dental implants inserted,503 dental implants acquired osseointegration, 17 implants failed to osseointegrate and the success rate was 96.7%. Conclusion The dental implant osseointegration formation depends on selecting indication,presurgical preparing, subtle surgical manipulation, and preventing bone burning, inflammation of operation aera and contamination of dental implants.
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The osseointegration of oral implants is of utmost importance as far as the success of implant prosthetics is concerned. In clinical practice osseointegration can only be tested indirectly. The loading of implants is usually linked to osseointegration as a condition. Under some circumstances implants can be loaded before osseointegration is completed. The present study reviews the various methods of testing osseointegration and the conditions of immediate loading. In the present study the changes in the stability of 59 implants restored with screw-retained superstructures and partly immediately loaded, were observed over a period of several years, with the help of the Periotest method. Based on the statistical evaluation of the results, a significant correlation was found between implant insertion torque and primary stability. A difference was found between the stability of implants in the upper and lower jaws. A typical curve in the temporal changes of implant stability was described.
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Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been widely used to predict dental implant stability by assessing conditions surrounding the implant. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of osseointegration degree and pattern on the resonance frequency of implant-bone structure by means of finite element analysis (FEA).A basic FEA model was created to represent a titanium implant in a portion of the maxillary bone at the left first premolar region. This model was then used to compute the vibration behaviors for 5 osseointegration degrees and 8 osseointegration pattern models using modal and harmonic analysis.In the arbitrarily set osseointegration pattern models, a significant influence of osseointegration degree on the resonance frequency (P < .001) could be expressed as the linear function R2 = 0.99. No significant influence from the osseointegration pattern could be observed (P = .89). While the coronal-osseointegration model had a slightly higher resonance frequency than others and the apical-osseointegration model had the lowest, the difference between the highest and lowest value was within 5% (P = .51). In the randomly set osseointegration models, the osseointegration degree had a statistically significant influence on the resonance frequency (P < .001); the pattern of random osseointegration for a certain osseointegration degree had little influence.It seems that RFA can detect implant-stability changes related to the increase in osseointegration degree. However, careful consideration should be given to its use in predicting the stability in vivo of loss of osseointegration at the marginal bone.
Resonance frequency analysis
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