Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study
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Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The degree of stenosis (grades 0–4) and the z-diameter of aneurysms (tiny group ≤3 mm and large group >3 mm) were measured for further quantitative analysis. CTA was used as the criterion standard.RESULTS:
Zero TE–MRA achieved significantly lower subjective perception and objective noise reduction (37.53%). Zero TE–MRA images showed higher signal homogeneity (3.29 ± 0.59 versus 3.04 ± 0.43) and quality of venous signal suppression (3.67 ± 0.47 versus 2.75 ± 0.46). The intermodality agreement was higher for zero TE–MRA than for TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.90; TOF, 0.81) in the grading of stenosis. Zero TE–MRA had a higher correlation than TOF-MRA (zero TE, 0.84; TOF, 0.74) in the tiny group and a higher consistency with CTA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.83; intercept, −0.5084–1.1794; slope −0.4952 to −0.2093) than TOF-MRA (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.64; intercept, 0.7000–2.6133; slope −1.0344 to −0.1923). Zero TE–MRA and TOF-MRA were comparable in the large group. Zero TE–MRA had more accurate details than TOF-MRA of AVM and Moyamoya lesions.CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with TOF-MRA, zero TE–MRA achieved more robust performance in depicting cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, zero TE–MRA was shown to be a promising MRA technique for further routine application in the clinic in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.Keywords:
Magnetic resonance angiography
Summary The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the ultrasound ( US ) measurement of craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the portal vein as an indirect method of measuring right hemidiaphragm mobility in healthy young adults. Forty‐one healthy participants were selected, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age. The US tests were conducted and interpreted by two observers (A and B) on two separate occasions (Test 1 and Test 2). Intra‐observer and interobserver reproducibility and repeatability of US measurements were determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC [2,1] ) using a 95% confidence interval ( CI ). Interobserver reproducibility assessment showed ‘high correlation’ for Test 1 and Test 2 ( ICC [2,1] = 0·83, 95% CI = 0·70–0·91, and ICC [2,1] = 0·79, 95% CI = 0·61–0·89, respectively). Intra‐observer reproducibility assessment showed ‘moderate correlation’ for observer A ( ICC [2,1] = 0·69, 95% CI = 0·45–0·84) and for observer B ( ICC [2,1] = 0·65, 95% CI = 0·39–0·81). Repeatability assessment showed ‘high correlation’ for all tests performed ( ICC [2,1] = 0·86, 0·80, 0·74, 0·79, P <0·001). In conclusion, US measurement of craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the portal vein is a reproducible method of measuring right hemidiaphragm mobility in healthy young adults.
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Diaphragm (acoustics)
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Introduction: Six minute walk test (6MWT) is an important tool in the evaluation of functional capacity and prognostic in COPD patients. However, especially in long term follow-up, this test could be executed by different evaluators and it isn’t well-know if 6MWT has an acceptable inter-rater reproducibility. Aims: This study analyzed 6MWT intra and inter-rater reproducibility in COPD patients. Methods: In this study, 31 patients with clinical and spirometrical diagnosis of COPD were enrolled to participate. They performed three 6MWT (American Thoracic Society, AJRCCM 2002; 116: 111–7), the first and second were executed by the same evaluator with a 30min interval, and the last by a different evaluator a week later. Exercise capacity was determinate using the walking distance. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altmann plots were used. Results: Intra and inter-rater relative reproducibility was excellent (ICC>0,8). Limits of agreement (Figura 1) were higher than the minimal important clinical difference (35m) in both intra and inter-rater analysis. Figure 1: Reproducibility A: Intra-rater; B: Inter-rater. 6MWT: Six minute walk test. In spite of the excellent relative reproducibility, the high bias reaffirms the need of a practice test, and the caution in a comparison of tests done by two different evaluators. Conclusions: 6MWT don’t have an acceptable inter-rater reproducibility, due to its high bias.
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Objective To compare the reproducibility of probing depth (PD) measurements using the Florida probe and the conventional periodontal probe.Methods Before and after initial periodontal treatment, five patients with chronic periodontitis received repeated PD measurements using the Florida probe and the conventional periodontal probe, respectively. The reproducibility of PD measurements was compared between the two different probes. The reproducibility of PD measurements using the same probes was also compared before and after the treatment.Results The reproducibility of PD measurements with both of these probes was good (P~0.05 , r=~0.77 ～~0.85 ) for both before and after initial treatment. Before the treatment, the reproducibility of these two probes was similar. After treatment, the reproducibility of the Florida probe was better than that of conventional periodontal probe (P~0.05 ).Conclusion The reproducibility of PD measurements with the Florida probes is reliable, suggesting that it can be applied in clinical research.
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Objective: it was to evaluate intra- and interexaminer reliability and reproducibility of linear measurements in cone-beam tomography (CBCT) images.
Materials and Methods: CBCT scans were obtained from 50 patients of a private clinic. Two examiners located the landmarks twice in two-dimensional and three-dimensional images on different days, with images performed 1 week apart. Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility and reliability were analyzed.
Results: the measurement error (ME) did not show significant differences between intra- and interexaminers. The intraclass correlations (ICC) between the intra- and interexaminer readings obtained with the different methods showed almost perfect matches. The results demonstrated high examiner reproducibility for linear and volumetric parameters with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). The ICC showed that the methodology was highly reliable and reproducible (ICC- >0.99 and CV <1.5%).
Conclusion: the measurements demonstrated strong agreement between examiners and significant reliability and reproducibility. Therefore, this methodology can serve as a standard for linear measurement analysis of the topography of mandibular canal and osseous adjacent structures.
Materials and Methods: CBCT scans were obtained from 50 patients of a private clinic. Two examiners located the landmarks twice in two-dimensional and three-dimensional images on different days, with images performed 1 week apart. Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility and reliability were analyzed.
Results: the measurement error (ME) did not show significant differences between intra- and interexaminers. The intraclass correlations (ICC) between the intra- and interexaminer readings obtained with the different methods showed almost perfect matches. The results demonstrated high examiner reproducibility for linear and volumetric parameters with high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). The ICC showed that the methodology was highly reliable and reproducible (ICC- >0.99 and CV <1.5%).
Conclusion: the measurements demonstrated strong agreement between examiners and significant reliability and reproducibility. Therefore, this methodology can serve as a standard for linear measurement analysis of the topography of mandibular canal and osseous adjacent structures.
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Background and aim: Acoustic lung imaging offers a unique method for visualising the lung. This study was designed to demonstrate reproducibility of acoustic lung images recorded from healthy individuals at different time points and to assess intra- and inter-rater agreement in the assessment of dynamically represented acoustic lung images. Methods: Recordings from 29 healthy volunteers were made on three separate occasions using vibration response imaging. Reproducibility was measured using quantitative, computerised assessment of vibration energy. Dynamically represented acoustic lung images were scored by six blinded raters. Results: Quantitative measurement of acoustic recordings was highly reproducible with an intraclass correlation score of 0.86 (very good agreement). Intraclass correlations for inter-rater agreement and reproducibility were 0.61 (good agreement) and 0.86 (very good agreement), respectively. There was no significant difference found between the six raters at any time point. Raters ranged from 88% to 95% in their ability to identically evaluate the different features of the same image presented to them blinded on two separate occasions. Conclusion: Acoustic lung imaging is reproducible in healthy individuals. Graphic representation of lung images can be interpreted with a high degree of accuracy by the same and by different reviewers.
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The purpose of this paper was to assess the reproducibility of three simulations presented on videotape: echocardiograms, ventriculograms, and arteriograms. The results indicate that roughly comparable numbers of cases, but different amounts of testing time, are required to achieve specified levels of reproducibility; score interpretation affected reproducibility in the expected ways.
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Summary background The diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD) is controversial, relying on GH secretion elicited by the provocative tests of GH reserve. However, the performance of most of the tests in use have not been evaluated rigorously. The repeatability of a test is a prerequisite before evaluating its diagnostic capability. objective The combined administration of GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH) and GH‐releasing hexapeptide (GHRP‐6) is an efficacious test of GH reserve in adults, and the target of this work was to evaluate its reproducibility. methods Seventeen healthy subjects were challenged with GHRH plus GHRP‐6 (1 µg/kg i.v.). All subjects underwent four tests on different days separated by at least 2 months. GH peaks were evaluated by several mathematical analyses of reproducibility. results As a group, the subjects showed high reproducibility after the four tests, with GH peaks of 46·0 ± 5·1; 48·4 ± 6·4; 50·1 ± 5·4 and 52·9 ± 5·8 µg/l, respectively (1 µg/l = 3 mU/l). Individually analysed, the reproducibility was good, and the regression analysis showed a correlation between tests 1 and 2 of R = 0·729, P < 0·0009, between tests 1 and 3 of R = 0·710, P < 0·001, and between tests 1 and 4 of R = 0·683, P < 0·002. Under mathematical analysis, the multiple correlation coefficient analysis, analysis of variance ( anova ) with repeated measurements, repeatability index, the simplest coefficient of variation and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) all unambiguously showed that the GHRH + GHRP‐6 test was reproducible. Furthermore, the repeated tests did not alter the biochemical diagnosis of the subjects, with absence of false‐positive values. conclusions The GHRH + GHRP‐6 test of GH reserve is reproducible in adult subjects.
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Few studies assess repeatability and reproducibility in registers of resonance frequency analysis (a value of dental implant stability).Few studies assess repeatability and reproducibility in resonance frequency analyses (implant stability evaluation). This study is aimed at assessing reliability (repeatabilty and reproducibility) in the Osstell Mentor® system using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as the statistical method.ISQ measurements of RFA were carried out by means of the Osstell Mentor® instrument in 58 implants in 19 patients. Six measurements were performed on each implant by means of two different Smart-Pegs (I and II). Three consecutive measurements were registered with each transducer.Average ISQ varied from 72.43 to 72.60 and 73.26 in the first, second and third measurements, respectively with the SamrtPeg I and from 72.98 to 73.26 and 73.74 in the first, second and third measurements, respectively with the SamrtPeg II . Exactly equal values were observed in 10.43 and 12.1% of the cases with Smart-Pegs I and II, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96 and 0.96 for Smart Pegs I and II, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility was 0.97 for both Smart-Pegs I and II.The RFA system contributed by Osstell Mentor® renders almost perfect reproducibility and repeatability, as proven by statistical analysis carried out by means of ICC with 95% confidence level. This instrument contributes highly reliable RFA measurements in dental implants.
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Resonance frequency analysis
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