Combined Residency Programs in Emergency Medicine
Michael E. WintersDanielle C. DevereauxNikhil GoyalJoseph P. MartinezAmal MattuPam DyneMohamad Ali CheaitoShahram LotfipourAmin Kazzi
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Abstract:
There are currently 5 combined residencies in emergency medicine (EM), namely EM/pediatrics, EM/internal medicine, EM/internal medicine/critical care, EM/family medicine and EM/anesthesiology. These combined programs vary from 5–6 years in length. Like categorical programs, the decision to enter a 5- or 6-year program should be an informed and comprehensive decision. We describe the history and current status of the combined EM programs, discuss the process of applying to a combined EM program, describe the life of combined EM residents, and explore common career opportunities available to combined EM program graduates.Keywords:
Categorical variable
To meet the cultivation objectives of postgraduate of anesthesiology from TCM colleges, the anesthesiology department carried out reform and exploration on cultivation program. This method has trained professionals of anesthesiology with the features of integrated traditional and western medicine knowledge.
Key words:
Postgraduate; Cultivation program; Speciality of anesthesiology; Colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine
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Career choices of physicians frequently change after senior year in medical school. Although previous studies have documented the magnitude of these changes, they contain no information concerning anesthesiologists. Changes in specialties of 1151 physicians, graduates from the same medical school, between the years 1968 and 1976 were studied. Of these physicians, 35 (3%) are presently engaged in the practice of anesthesiology. Of 31 physicians who planned careers in anesthesiology as seniors, 26 (84%) remained in anesthesiology. Nine physicians changed from other specialties to anesthesiology. The ability of anesthesiology to retain physicians who originally planned to specialize in it, or to gain physicians from other fields, was not different from that found in other specialties studied.
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Categorical variable levels change over time with the addition, deletion, or regrouping of categories. This study introduces cat2cat procedure, to handle an inconsistently coded categorical variable in a longitudinal dataset. Such categorical variables often represent classifications, for instance The International Standard Classification of Occupations or the International Classification of Diseases. The cat2cat procedure enables unification of an inconsistently coded categorical variable between two time points in accordance with a mapping table. Categorical variable levels from a specific period are applied to a neighboring period by replicating an observation if it can be assigned to more than one category. Then, frequencies or statistical methods are used to approximate the probabilities of being assigned to each category. The cat2cat procedure extends the scope of the available statistical analyses in a longitudinal dataset with inconsistently coded categorical variables, which are ordinarily removed or force dataset aggregation. The procedure is offered to the scientific community in the cat2cat R and Python packages.
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With the rapid development of medicine,w e have been made a great achievement in anesthesiology.The role and the position o f anesthesiology is obviously important as it was.But in our country the phenome non at present is that the people has a poor education and low puality who work in anesthesiology.Therefore the resident training of anesthesiology is very impo rtant to the whole medicine.In this paper we have expounded the present situatio n of anesthesiology,the importance of the resident training in anesthesiology,an d our experience in resident training of anesthesiology.
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Career choices of physicians frequently change after senior year in medical school. Although previous studies have documented the magnitude of these changes, they contain no information concerning anesthesiologists. Changes in specialties of 1151 physicians, graduates from the same medical school, between the years 1968 and 1976 were studied. Of these physicians, 35 (3%) are presently engaged in the practice of anesthesiology. Of 31 physicians who planned careers in anesthesiology as seniors, 26 (84%) remained in anesthesiology. Nine physicians changed from other specialties to anesthesiology. The ability of anesthesiology to retain physicians who originally planned to specialize in it, or to gain physicians from other fields, was not different from that found in other specialties studied.
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