Self-assembled polyelectrolyte-based composite hydrogels with enhanced stretchable and adsorption performances
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Rhodamine B
The relatively weak mechanical properties of hydrogels remain a major drawback for their application as load-bearing tissue scaffolds. Previously, we developed cell-laden double-network (DN) hydrogels that were composed of photocrosslinkable gellan gum (GG) and gelatin. Further research into the materials as tissue scaffolds determined that the strength of the DN hydrogels decreased when they were prepared at cell-compatible conditions, and the encapsulated cells in the DN hydrogels did not function as well as they did in gelatin hydrogels. In this work, we developed microgel-reinforced (MR) hydrogels from the same two polymers, which have better mechanical strength and biological properties in comparison to the DN hydrogels. The MR hydrogels were prepared by incorporating stiff GG microgels into soft and ductile gelatin hydrogels. The MR hydrogels prepared at cell-compatible conditions exhibited higher strength than the DN hydrogels and the gelatin hydrogels, the highest strength being 2.8 times that of the gelatin hydrogels. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts encapsulated in MR hydrogels exhibited as high metabolic activity as in gelatin hydrogels, which is significantly higher than that in the DN hydrogels. The measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of mineralization showed that osteogenic behavior of MC3T3-E1 cells was as much facilitated in the MR hydrogels as in the gelatin hydrogels, while it was not as much facilitated in the DN hydrogels. These results suggest that the MR hydrogels could be a better alternative to the DN hydrogels and have great potential as load-bearing tissue scaffolds.
Gelatin
Gellan gum
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The goal of this study is to compare the tensile strength of novel teakwood dust with a unique flax fibre composite. Group 1 was the control group in this study, while Group 2 was the experimental group, which included flax fibre composite and teakwood with flax fibre composite. Each group had a sample size of 20, for a total sample size of 40. G power was kept at 80% for estimating sample size. Tensile strength of the 10(Wt.%) novel teakwood dust with flax fibre composite was 39.1287 MPa, and the flax fibre composite's tensile strength was 20.0280 MPa, as per the experimental results. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.005; p < 0.05) has been observed in the flax fibre composite. The two groups' differences are statistically significant. The 10(Wt.%) teakwood dust with flax fibre composite has a higher tensile strength than the flax fibre composite, according to the experiment's findings. The results show that the composite with flax fibre and teakwood dust reinforcement has a greater tensile strength and is more sustainable than flax fibre composites.
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This minireview discusses the advantages and challenges in constructing bioinspired double-network hydrogels mimicking the structure and/or properties of biological tissue.
Network Structure
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Research on hydrogels has been geared toward biomedical applications from the beginning due to their relatively high biocompatibility. Initially only the hydrophilic nature and the large swelling properties of hydrogels was explored. Continued research on hydrogels has resulted in the development of new types of hydrogels, such as environment-sensitive hydrogels, thermoplastic hydrogels, hydrogel foams, and sol-gel phase-reversible hydrogels. Application of hydrogels ranges from biomedical devices to solute separation. Examples of hydrogel applications in pharmaceutics, biomaterials, and biotechnology are briefly described.
Biocompatibility
Pharmaceutics
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The relatively weak mechanical properties of hydrogels remain a major drawback for their application as load-bearing tissue scaffolds. Previously, we developed cell-laden double-network (DN) hydrogels that were composed of photocrosslinkable gellan gum (GG) and gelatin. Further research into the materials as tissue scaffolds determined that the strength of the DN hydrogels decreased when they were prepared at cell-compatible conditions, and the encapsulated cells in the DN hydrogels did not function as well as they did in gelatin hydrogels. In this work, we developed microgel-reinforced (MR) hydrogels from the same two polymers, which have better mechanical strength and biological properties in comparison to the DN hydrogels. The MR hydrogels were prepared by incorporating stiff GG microgels into soft and ductile gelatin hydrogels. The MR hydrogels prepared at cell-compatible conditions exhibited higher strength than the DN hydrogels and the gelatin hydrogels, the highest strength being 2.8 times that of the gelatin hydrogels. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts encapsulated in MR hydrogels exhibited as high metabolic activity as in gelatin hydrogels, which is significantly higher than that in the DN hydrogels. The measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of mineralization showed that osteogenic behavior of MC3T3-E1 cells was as much facilitated in the MR hydrogels as in the gelatin hydrogels, while it was not as much facilitated in the DN hydrogels. These results suggest that the MR hydrogels could be a better alternative to the DN hydrogels and have great potential as load-bearing tissue scaffolds.
Gelatin
Gellan gum
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Research on hydrogels has been geared toward biomedical applications from the beginning due to their relatively high biocompatibility. Initially only the hydrophilic nature and the large swelling properties of hydrogels was explored. Continued research on hydrogels has resulted in the development of new types of hydrogels, such as environment-sensitive hydrogels, thermoplastic hydrogels, hydrogel foams, and sol-gel phase-reversible hydrogels. Application of hydrogels ranges from biomedical devices to solute separation. Examples of hydrogel applications in pharmaceutics, biomaterials, and biotechnology are briefly described.
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Biocompatibility
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Effect of Polyester-type Hyperdispersant on Mechanical Properties Of PP/Inorganic Particle Composite
Hyperdispersants t-ZTPCL and p-ZTPCL, in which poly-e-caprolactone was used as solvatable chain and teraethylen penta-amine or multi-ethylen multi- amine as fixing group, were synthesized and applied to PP/ kaolin clay composite. The effects of the hyperdispersants on the dispersing and reinforcing of the composite were studied. The results showed ZTPCL had obvious reinforcing and dispersing effects on PP/kaolin composite. When the mass perpercentage of t-ZTPCL was 0.5 %-1.0 % or that of p-ZTPCL was 0.5 %-2.5 %, the tensile strength of the composites was obviously higher than that of the composite without hyperdispersant, the tensile strength of partial composite was even higher than that of pure PP. The increase of the tensile strength of the composite by p-ZTPCL (Mn (CTPCL) - 2000) was especially obvious. When the mass perpercentage of p-ZTPCL was 2.0%, the tensile strength of the composite was 7.4% higher than that of pure PP and 22.8 % higher than that of the composite without hyperdispersant.
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