Association between the risk of lung cancer and influenza: A population-based nested case-control study
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BackgroundPrevious animal studies have shown that certain respiratory oncoviruses can lead to tumorigenesis, especially influenza virus. However, no clinical studies other than animal studies have been conducted to test this hypothesis.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between influenza and the risk of lung cancer using the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database (TCRD) and Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).MethodsWe identified a study cohort consisting of patients aged 40 years or above who were enrolled in the NHIRD between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014. Among them, we identified patients with lung cancer (cases) and their matched controls (matched by age, sex, and disease risk score (DRS) at a ratio of 1:10). Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between exposure to influenza (timing and cumulative number) and risk of lung cancer.ResultsWe identified 32,063 cases and 320,627 matched controls. Influenza was associated with a 1.09-fold increased risk of lung cancer (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.14, p < 0.0001). The risk of lung cancer increased slightly with cumulative exposure to influenza (1–2 exposures: aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11; 3-4 exposures: aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.25; 5+ exposures: aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.39).ConclusionExposure to influenza was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and the risk increased with cumulative exposure to influenza. However, the lack of valid information on smoking could lead to confounding, and future studies collecting patients' smoking histories are warranted to validate the association between influenza and lung cancer.Keywords:
Nested case-control study
Association (psychology)
Parental exposure to rare earth elements (REEs) could increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes, a major cause of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). In addition, different subtypes of SPB, such as spontaneous preterm labor (SPL) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), may have different susceptibility to environmental exposure. Therefore, we investigated the potential associations between REE exposure in different trimesters and SPB and its subtypes.A nested case-control study was performed. We included 244 women with SPB as cases and 244 women with full-term delivery as controls. The plasma concentrations of light REEs were measured in the first and third trimesters. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between single REE levels and SPB, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to analyze the mixed-exposure effect.Exposure to light REEs was associated with SPB and its subtypes only in the third trimester. Specifically, the intermediate- and highest-tertile concentration groups of La and the highest-tertile concentration group of Sm were associated with an increased risk of SPL, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 2.00 (95% CIs: 1.07-3.75), 1.87 (95% CIs: 1.01-3.44), and 1.82 (95% CIs: 1.00-3.30), respectively. The highest-tertile concentration group of Pr was associated with an increased risk of PPROM, with an AOR of 1.69 (95% CIs: 1.00-2.85). Similar results were also found in BKMR models.La and Sm levels in plasma may be associated with the risk of SPL, and Pr levels in plasma may be associated with the risk of PPROM.
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Matrix metalloproteinases-11 (MMP-11) overexpression has been reported in various types of cancer including lung cancer. We aimed to examine the contribution of MMP-11 genotypes to lung cancer risk.In this case-control study, the MMP-11 rs738791, rs2267029, rs738792 and rs28382575 genotypes were determined among 358 lung cancer patients and 716 age- and gender-matched healthy control Taiwanese.The percentages of rs738791 CT and TT were 50.6% and 9.2% in the case group, slightly higher than 48.5% and 8.1% in the control group (p for trend=0.5638). The allelic analysis showed that the rs738791 T allele did not confer lung cancer risk compared with the C allele. Similarly, there was no association between rs2267029, rs738792 or rs28382575 and lung cancer risk. There was no joint effect of MMP-11 genotypes among ever smokers or non-smokers.The genotypes of MMP-11 play a minor role in determining lung cancer risk in Taiwan.
Lung cancer susceptibility
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The strong correlation between smoking and exposure to oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has made it difficult to verify the independent role of smoking in cervical carcinogenesis. Thus, the authors evaluated this role. Five large Nordic serum banks containing samples from more than 1,000,000 subjects were linked with nationwide cancer registries (1973-2003). Serum samples were retrieved from 588 women who developed invasive cervical cancer and 2,861 matched controls. The samples were analyzed for cotinine (a biomarker of tobacco exposure) and antibodies to HPV types 16 and 18, herpes simplex virus type 2, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Smoking was associated with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among HPV16- and/or HPV18-seropositive heavy smokers (odds ratio=2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 4.3). A similar risk of SCC (odds ratio=3.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 4.0) was found in heavy smokers after adjustment for HPV16/18 antibodies. The point estimates increased with increasing age at diagnosis and increasing cotinine level. This study confirms that smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical cancer/SCC in women infected with oncogenic HPVs. These findings emphasize the importance of cervical cancer prevention among women exposed to tobacco smoke.
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Preeclampsia is one of the most worrisome complications during pregnancy, affecting approximately 1 out of 20 women worldwide. Preeclampsia is mainly characterized by a sustained hypertension, proteinuria, also involving a significant organ dysfunction. Moreover, 25% of the cases could be classified as severe preeclampsia (SP), a serious condition that could be life-threatening for both the mother and fetus. Although there are many studies focusing on preeclampsia, less efforts have been made in SP, frequently limited to some specific situations. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors, maternal characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes and maternal complications in patients with severe preeclampsia versus patients without severe preeclampsia. Hence, 235 cases and 470 controls were evaluated and followed in our study. We described a set of variables related to the development of severe preeclampsia, including maternal age > 35 years (69.8%), gestational (26.8%) or chronic arterial hypertension (18.3%), obesity (22.6%), use of assisted reproduction techniques (12.3%), prior history of preeclampsia (10.2%) and chronic kidney disease (7.7%) All patients had severe hypertension (>160 mmHg) and some of them presented with additional complications, such as acute renal failure (51 cases), HELLP syndrome (22 cases), eclampsia (9 cases) and acute cerebrovascular accidents (3 cases). No case of maternal death was recorded, although the SP group had a higher cesarean section rate than the control group (60% vs. 20.9%) (p < 0.001), and there was a notably higher perinatal morbidity and mortality in these patients, who had a prematurity rate of 58.3% (p < 0.001) and 14 perinatal deaths, compared to 1 in the control group. Overall, our study recognized a series of factors related to the development of SP and related complications, which may be of great aid for improving the clinical management of this condition.
HELLP syndrome
Gestational hypertension
Nested case-control study
Placental insufficiency
Maternal death
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Some large ecological studies have noted a significant association of testicular cancer (TC) with maternal smoking during pregnancy, while several more controlled studies have been negative. It has been difficult to obtain reliable data on exposure because of the long lag time to cancer diagnosis. We performed a case-control study nested within Finnish, Swedish and Icelandic maternity cohorts exploiting early pregnancy serum samples to evaluate the role of maternal smoking in the risk of TC in the offspring. After reviewing the literature, we also performed a meta-analysis of published studies. For each index mother of the TC patient, three to nine matched control mothers with a cancer-free son born at the same time as the TC case were identified within each cohort. First trimester sera were retrieved from the 70 index mothers and 519 control mothers and were tested for cotinine level by a novel HPLC-MS-MS method developed. No statistically significant association between maternal cotinine level and risk of TC in the offspring was found (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.35, 1.34). This is the first study based on individual exposure measurements. Its results agree with our meta-analysis of seven previous epidemiological studies (total number of 2149 cases, 2762 controls) using indirect exposure assessment (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.88, 1.12).
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Cotinine
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Abstract Purpose To assess the association between domperidone and adverse cardiovascular events. Methods We conducted nested case‐control and case‐time‐control studies using Korea's healthcare database (2002‐2015). We identified patients without history of hospitalization, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases in 2002. From our cohort, those diagnosed with an adverse cardiovascular event (case), composite of arrhythmia, hypertension, or acute myocardial infarction were matched to two controls using risk‐set sampling on various sociodemographic variables. Exposure was assessed in the 1 to 7 days, or in the 1 to 7 days (hazard period) and 91 to 97 days (control period) prior to index date, in nested case‐control and case‐time control studies, respectively. We compared domperidone to metoclopramide or non‐use and estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression. Results From 627 799 patients, we identified 71 555 cases and 141 833 controls. In the nested case‐control study, while the risk of cardiovascular events was increased with domperidone (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28‐1.47) compared to non‐use, the risk was reduced (0.64, 0.57‐0.72) compared to metoclopramide. In the case‐time‐control study, similar increased risk was found when compared to non‐use (1.40, 1.29‐1.52) but a reduced risk as compared with metoclopramide (0.63, 0.54‐0.72). Risk of myocardial infarction associated with domperidone was highest (nested case‐control: 1.94, 1.33‐2.83; case‐time‐control: 1.91, 1.01‐3.62) when compared to non‐use but did not indicate an increased risk when compared to metoclopramide (nested case‐control: 0.60, 0.32‐1.13; case‐time‐control: 0.70, 0.25‐1.98). Conclusion Our findings support a positive association between domperidone and adverse cardiovascular events. However, domperidone may have a safer cardiovascular profile than metoclopramide.
Nested case-control study
Domperidone
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Nested case-control study
Association (psychology)
Nurses' Health Study
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To investigate the risk factors of lung cancer among the employees who had worked in Dagang oil field, Tianjin, China.A matched case control study was conducted to analyse the association between some exposures and lung cancer risk by univariate and multiple Logistic regression method.According to the results from univariate and multiple analysis, smoking and previous lung disease increase lung cancer risk with adjusted OR of 1.52 (95%CI: 1.18-1.94) and 3.37 (95%CI: 1.88-7.16) respectively, while the adjusted OR for occupational chemical toxic substance and dust exposure is 0.73 (95%CI: 0.69-1.30) and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.62-1.15) respectively, and there is no significant association between family history of cancer and lung cancer risk in this study.Smoking and previous lung disease are the independent risk factors for lung cancer among workers in Dagang oil field, yet due to some potential epidemiological bias, the association between occupational exposure and lung cancer needs further investigation.
Univariate analysis
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Lung cancer is one of the common types of malignant disorders and the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Few studies have examined the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with lung cancer and findings from these studies are conflicting. Moreover, no study has examined this association in the Middle East. Therefore, the current case-control study was conducted to examine the association between DII and lung cancer among Iranian adults. We recruited 140 pathologically confirmed cases of lung cancer and 140 healthy controls who were matched with cases in terms of age. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 142-item Willett-format dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DII scores were calculated using the method developed by Shivappa et al. Overall, we found a significant positive association between DII and lung cancer so that after controlling for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of DII scores had 2.03 times more odds of lung cancer compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.02-4.01). This significant positive association was also seen in men, but not in women. In conclusion, adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of lung cancer in adults, particularly in male adults.
Odds
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In a nested case–control study of 86 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in relation to Helicobactor pylori infection in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort, the H. pylori IgG seropositivity was 83.7% and that of the 344 matched controls was 80.8%, with a matched odds ratio for H. pylori infection of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.80–1.40).
Nested case-control study
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Stomach cancer
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