Water Vapor from Western Eurasia Promotes Precipitation during the Snow Season in Northern Xinjiang, a Typical Arid Region in Central Asia
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Abstract:
Atmospheric water vapor plays an important role in the water cycle, especially in arid Central Asia, where precipitation is invaluable to water resources. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between water vapor source regions and precipitation is a key problem in water resource research in typical arid Central Asia, Northern Xinjiang. However, the relationship between precipitation and water vapor sources is still unclear of snow season. This paper aimed at studying the role of water vapor source supply in the Northern Xinjiang precipitation trend, which was investigated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results showed that the total water vapor contributed from Western Eurasia and the North Polar area presented upward trends similar to the precipitation change trend, which indicated that the water vapor contribution from the two previous water vapor source regions supplied abundant water vapor and maintained the upward precipitation trend from 1980 to 2017 in Northern Xinjiang. From the climatology of water vapor transport, the region was controlled by midlatitude westerlies and major water vapor input from the western boundary, and the net water vapor flux of this region also showed an annual increasing trend. Western Eurasia had the largest moisture percentage contribution to Northern Xinjiang (48.11%) over the past 38 years. Northern Xinjiang precipitation was correlated with water vapor from Western Eurasia, the North Polar area, and Siberia, and the correlation coefficients were 0.66, 0.45, and 0.57, respectively. These results could aid in better understanding the water cycle process and climate change in this typical arid region of Central Asia.Keywords:
Water cycle
HYSPLIT
Middle latitudes
A source apportionment methodology has been implemented to estimate the contribution from different arid geographical areas to the levels of measured atmospheric particulate matter with diameters less than 10 μm (PM10). Toward that end, the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) has been used to quantify the proportions of mineral dust originated from specific geographical areas in northern Africa. HYSPLIT simulates the transport, dispersion, and deposition of dust plumes as they travel from the source areas to the receptors. This model has been configured to reproduce high daily ambient PM10 levels recorded at three Spanish EMEP (Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long‐Range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe) regional background monitoring stations, located over the central Iberian Peninsula, during a North African dust outbreak from 12 to 15 March 2003. Different model setups have been utilized to determine the best suite of parameters needed to better represent the observed concentrations. Once the simulation has been configured, the model has been run for individual scenarios which include eight specific source areas over northern Africa considered as possible contributors to the PM10 levels measured at the monitoring stations. One additional run has been carried out to account for the rest of the dust sources in northern Africa. Furthermore, the fractional contribution to the PM10 air concentrations at the receptors from each run has been used to estimate the source apportionment. According to these calculations, the contribution from each area to the PM10 recorded over central Iberia for the March 2003 episode can be detailed as follows: 20–30% of the PM10 dust originated in Mauritania and the western Sahara, 15–20% from Mali, Mauritania and the western flanks of the Ahaggar Mountains, and 55–60% from other northwestern African sources within the rest of the desert source area.
HYSPLIT
Peninsula
Apportionment
Mineral dust
Deposition
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A combination of more than two years of water vapor lidar data with back trajectory analysis using the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to study the long-range transport of air masses and the water vapor distribution characteristics and variations over Xi'an, China (34.233° N, 108.911° E), which is a typical city in Northwest China. High-quality profiles of the water vapor density were derived from a multifunction Raman lidar system built in Xi'an, and more than 2000 sets of profiles with >400 nighttime observations from October 2013 to July 2016 were collected and used for statistical and quantitative analyses. The vertical variations in the water vapor content were discussed. A mutation height of the water vapor exists at 2-4 km with a high occurrence rate of ∼60% during the autumn and winter seasons. This height reflects a distinct stratification in the water vapor content. Additionally, the atmospheric water vapor content was mainly concentrated in the lower troposphere, and the proportion of the water vapor content at 0.5-5 km accounted for 80%-90% of the total water vapor below 10 km. Obvious seasonal variations were observed, including large water vapor content during the spring and summer and small content during the autumn and winter. Combined with back trajectory analysis, the results showed that markedly different water vapor transport pathways contribute to seasonal variations in the water vapor content. South and southeast airflows dominated during the summer, with 30% of the 84 trajectories originating from these areas; however, the air masses during the winter originated from the north and local regions (64.3%) and from the northwest (27%). In addition, we discussed variations in the water vapor during fog and haze weather conditions during the winter. A considerable enhancement in the mean water vapor density at 0.5-3 km exhibited a clear positive correlation (correlation coefficient >0.8) with the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. The results indicate that local airflow trajectories mainly affect water vapor transport below the boundary layer, and that these flows are closely related to the formation of fog and haze events in the Xi'an area.
HYSPLIT
Haze
Density of air
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We present in this paper a climatological study of back trajectories of air masses over Ouagadougou using the HYSPLIT model. The seasonal variability of the 300m, 1000m and 3000m wind trajectories were studied after a discussion related to the accuracy of trajectory models based on the work of Stohl. To this is added the climatology of the optical thickness at 675nm obtained by inversion of photometric measurements of AERONET network. A link was established between the backward trajectories and the aerosol optical thickness. An important conclusion of this approach has been to identify one of the main aerosol sources that influence the atmospheric optical properties over Ouagadougou especially during major dust events. KEYWORDS : 1-backward trajectories, 2-aerosol optical thickness, 3- mineral dust, 4-HYSPLIT, 5-AERONET
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AERONET
Mineral dust
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유역의 수문반응은 기후-토양-식생의 복합적인 프로세스에 의해서 결정된다. 증발산량은 기후-토양-식생을 연결하는 매우 중요한 수문순환성분으로서, 유역에서의 수문순환을 정확하게 이해하기 위해서 연 증발산량에 관한 연구가 매우 중요한 의미를 가지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 강수량, 잠재 증발산량과 식생의 영향을 고려하는 산림율을 적용하여 우리나라에 적합한 연 증발산량 산정모형을 제시하였다. 제안된 모형이 높은 수준으로 연 증발산량을 모의하고 있지는 않으나 이전에 제시된 경험식 보다 좀 더 정확한 연 증발산량을 산정하였다. 이에 본 연구는 기후-토양-식생의 역학분석의 연구 방향을 제시해줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The hydrologic response of watershed determined by complex process about climate-soil-vegetation. Evapotranspiration is very important component of hydrological cycle to connect climate, soil and vegetation. The research of annual evapotranspiration the watershed is primary topic for understanding hydrological cycle in watershed. A suitable model for South Korea which relates annual evapotranspiration to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and ratio of forest considering vegetation effect, is proposed in this study. Result of the proposed model is not high quality about estimating evapotranspiration but it is better than previous model which relates annual evapotranspiration. This study is able to suggest research direction about dynamic analysis of climate-soil-vegetation.
Water cycle
Hydrological modelling
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Water cycle
Irrigation scheduling
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Water cycle
Potential evaporation
Global Change
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Citations (2,079)
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the rainstorm process and backward trajectory simulation of water vapor condition in Jilin Province in July,2010.[Method] Based on the actual-situation data of routine weather map,NCEP(2.5°×2.5°) reanalysis data one times per 6 h and GBL data of NOAA,the rainstorm process was carried out the diagnostic analysis of physical quantity in Jilin Province in July,2010.Moreover,the backward trajectory mode(HYSPLIT) was used to simulate the water vapor source.[Result] The coexistence of upper-level divergence and low-level convergence generated the ascending motion,which was the dynamic condition of rainstorm appearance.The unstable energy induced by the low-level shear promoted the generation of heavy rainstorm.The water vapor source of precipitation process was divided into the water vapor in the southern sea,northern high-altitude water vapor transportation and local water vapor source.[Conclusion] The research provided some reference basis for the forecast and analysis of rainstorm.
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Abstract The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory, is one of the most widely used models for atmospheric trajectory and dispersion calculations. We present the model’s historical evolution over the last 30 years from simple hand-drawn back trajectories to very sophisticated computations of transport, mixing, chemical transformation, and deposition of pollutants and hazardous materials. We highlight recent applications of the HYSPLIT modeling system, including the simulation of atmospheric tracer release experiments, radionuclides, smoke originated from wild fires, volcanic ash, mercury, and wind-blown dust.
HYSPLIT
Deposition
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This paper analyzes the optical properties and air mass trajectory of aerosol pollution over North-West (NW) Nigeria. The paper studied the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Angstrom Exponent (AE), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) and air mass trajectory analysis of aerosols pollution over NW Nigeria from 2018 to 2022. For this purpose, the use of satellite products from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and back trajectories of air movements calculated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were employed. AOD values were found to reach peak values (~1 at 500 nm) across the years in the study except in 2020, which, showed a steep decline in AOD values during the period. It is surmised that the decline might have been due to the lock down due to Covid19 when vehicular movement that generate particulate matter and black carbon, construction that generate dust plumes were minimal. Analysis of the optical characteristics of the aerosols studied, supported the observation that the pollution consists of mainly Saharan dust and anthropogenic aerosols with a well-defined seasonal cycle. This assumption was confirmed by HYSPLIT backward trajectories and MODIS images. Keywords: MODIS, Aerosol Optical Depth, Single Scattering Albedo, Angstrom Exponent, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, HYSPLIT.
HYSPLIT
Angstrom exponent
Single-scattering albedo
Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
Spectroradiometer
Mass concentration (chemistry)
Albedo (alchemy)
Angstrom
Aethalometer
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Variations of the water vapor content,water vapor flux,and water vapor budget in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed,and a conceptual model of the water cycle was established in this study.Through analysis of the variation of water cycle parameters,the interaction and change process of the land surface branch and the atmosphere branch of the water cycle were studied.The results show that the water vapor was concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,and the net water vapor input was 23 790 t/s.Water vapor flowed out in the latitudinal direction,and there was a significant declining trend of the water vapor flux in this direction.There was a slight variation in the water vapor budget in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and a slightly decreasing trend of the water vapor input.Although the precipitation caused by the local evapotranspiration accounts for less than 10% of the total regional precipitation,it has an increasing effect on the local water cycle year by year.
Water cycle
Yangtze river
Annual cycle
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