Internet of Things for Sustainable Forestry
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Keywords:
Limiting
Old-growth forest
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Certification provides a way to demonstrate the positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SFM) on ecosystem services. Ecosystem services provide society with a wide range of benefits, from clean water and carbon sequestration to the production of wood and non-wood products. This study evaluates forest owners’ and managers’ perceptions of forest certification as a tool to support SFM and forest ecosystem services in Slovakia. The questionnaire survey focused on the understanding of the concept of SFM, the objectives of forest certification schemes, and especially on the examination of the perceptions of 288 PEFC- and FSC-certified forest owners and managers on how forest certification helps to support individual ecosystem services. Among the important factors influencing the level of understanding of forest certification and its role in ensuring forest ecosystem services is the size of the managed forest area and the implemented certification scheme. The results of this study indicate that forest certification is positively perceived as a supporting tool for ecosystem services, and certified forest owners are sufficiently aware of the objectives of SFM. Regardless of the size of the managed forest area and the type of the implemented certification scheme, forest certification is mainly perceived as a tool which improves the company image and represents a commitment to environmental responsibility while promoting SFM. Certified companies managing large forest areas see the role of certification as being more significant in ensuring selected ecosystem services, in particular, the provision of woody biomass and water. However, in general, forest certification is mainly perceived as a supporting tool for the ecosystem services related to the control of erosion, soil formation, and natural composition, as well as the function of species and ecosystem diversity, followed by the provision of aesthetic, scientific, and educational values.
Certified wood
Sustainable Forest Management
Ecoforestry
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Forest thinning is the main measures of management in forest ecosystem.The direct effects of the environment and soil properties of physical and chemical of the forest field were comprehensively analyzed.The future forest thinning work should be strengthened from the following aspects: Implementation of classification of forest management;preparation of forest management scientific plan;the concept of forest thinning;forest thinning for long-term positioning research.
Thinning
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Part 1 Introduction: the development of forest policy in the United States forest regions of North America and the world. Part 2 Forest biology: structure and function of forest trees forest soils forest genetics and forest tree breeding forest ecology and the forest ecosystem interaction of insects and forest trees diseases of forest trees. Part 3 Forest management: multiple-use management, planning and administration forest at the national level non-industrial private forests measurement of the forest remote sensing and geographic information systems silviculture timber management harvesting forest-wildlife interactions rangeland management watershed management forest recreation management behaviour and management of forest fires. Part 4 Forest products: properties and utilization of wood wood for fiber, energy and chemicals the forest products economy forestry - the profession and career opportunities appendices.
Forest farming
Silviculture
Old-growth forest
Forest Inventory
Certified wood
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The paper set forth the basic concepts of forest ecosystem management.Taking Qingshigang State-owned Forest Farm as an example,based on the principles of forestry district instruction and classified management,the paper analyzed existing problems of forest management of Qingshigang State-owned Forest Farm,put forward countermeasures for the forest ecosystem management of the farm.
Countermeasure
Ecoforestry
Forest farming
Certified wood
State forest
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Temporalities
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Aim of study: Sustainable management of forest ecosystems requires comprehensive coverage of data to reflect both the historical legacy and the future development of forests. This study focuses on analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of forests over the past 43 years to help better forecast the future development of forest under various management strategies.Area of study: The area is situated in Karaisalı district of Adana city in the southeastern corner of Turkey.Material and methods: The historical pattern from 1969 to 2012 was assessed with digital forest cover type maps, produced with high resolution aerial photo interpretation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The forest development over the next 120 years was forecasted using ecosystem-based multiple use forest management model (ETÇAP) to understand the cause-effect relationships under various management strategies.Main results: The result showed that over the past 43 years while total forest areas decreased about 1194 ha (4%), the productive forest areas increased about 5397 ha (18%) with a decrease of degraded forest (5824 ha, 20%) and increase of maquis areas (2212 ha, 7%).The forecast of forest development under traditional management strategy resulted in an unsustainable forest due to broken initial age class structure, yet generated more total harvest (11%) due to 88% relaxing of even timber flow constraint. While more volume could be harvested under traditional management conditions, the sustainability of future forest is significantly jeopardized.Research highlights: This result trongly implies that it is essential adopting modeling techniques to understand forest dynamics and forecast the future development comprehensively.Keywords: Forest management; simulation; optimization; forest dynamics; land use change.
Forest structure
Forest Inventory
Forest dynamics
Forest cover
Sustainable Forest Management
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Projecting forest dynamics as a function of alternative management strategies and climatic conditions is key to develop sound forest policy and management planning. In Spain there is a need for a full set of climate-sensitive individual-tree growth and yield models suitable for country-level simulations. In this paper we present environmentally driven models for forest stand dynamics based on distance-independent individual-tree growth and yield. The data for model calibration are based on the second, third and fourth surveys of the Spanish National Forest Inventory, including 50,359 plots and 838,620 trees, representing a broad gradient in forest types and environmental conditions. The results develop a total of 182 models for diameter increment, height increment, total height, survival and ingrowth for 27 species and species groups. The models are integrated into a full forest projection system to perform simulations of forest dynamics and resulting changes in the provision of ecosystem services, including the effects of climate, and forest management. Its potential is illustrated through an array of simulations of forest dynamics in the region of Catalonia under alternative climatic and management scenarios. The resulting models and projections provide a solid basis for the simulation of national or regional climate-sensitive forest scenarios, with the possibility of being applied to other regions, and may be used for future management and planning efforts.
Forest dynamics
Forest Inventory
Simulation Modeling
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Old-growth forest
Forest farming
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Forest tending is the important measure for the human acting on the forest of the forest ecosystem management.This paper reviewed the function of forest tending on tree growth and stability in the current domestic and international,focused on discussing the effort of tending on forest habitat,tree growth,forest stand production,quality and stability,and pointed out that the future forest management work should be category management,attention to ecosystem stability.
Felling
Ecological stability
Ecoforestry
Old-growth forest
Forest farming
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