Lipogenesis and lipid peroxidation in high- fructose and cafeteria diet rodent models
Tomislav MašekPetra RoškarićMaja MaurićJosip BarišićMarcela ŠperandaKrešimir SeverinKristina Starčević
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Keywords:
Cafeteria
Lipogenesis
Rodent model
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High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity links with prevalence of metabolic dysfunction, including low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Dry edible beans (DEBs) play a significant role in human nutrition as a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, and various micronutrients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of red kidney beans (RKBs) to attenuate the deleterious effects of HFD in the liver. Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned with one of five experimental diet groups; low fat diet (control), high fat diet, high fat diet with 5% whole beans (HFD + B), high fat diet with 4.5% dehulled beans (HFD + DHB) and high fat diet with 0.5% hull of beans (HFD + HB) and fed for 4 weeks. Supplementation of RKB resulted in lower body weight, liver weight, and glucose levels (P < 0.001) in HFD + B and HFD + DHB group compared to HFD group. Adding RKBs downregulated gene expressions related to inflammation (e.g., interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and lipogenesis (e.g., hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN)) in the liver. Furthermore, RKBs supplemented groups showed reduced hepatic fat accumulation in comparison with the HFD group. Supplementation of RKBs and their hulls attenuates hepatic stresses by decreasing the lipogenesis and inflammation, which contribute to enhancing insulin sensitivity. USDA Multi-Hatch, Program: W-3150.
Lipogenesis
Steatosis
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Dietary fat
Dietary protein
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Fructose feeding has been shown to induce insulin resistance in rats, associated with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. We have investigated the effect of administering food seasoning spices mixture (SM) on glucose, insulin, and lipids in circulation and carbohydrate enzymes in the erythrocytes of high fructose-fed rats. Additionally, we also measured the protein glycation status by assaying the levels of glycated hemoglobin, fructosamine, and plasma protein glycation. Male Wistar rats received a daily diet containing either 60% fructose or 60% starch (control). The rats were administered SM at three different doses (10, 30, or 50 mg/day per rat) orally 15 days later. At the end of the 45-day experimental period, fructose-fed rats showed significantly higher levels of plasma glucose and insulin, dyslipidemia, and alterations in enzyme activities. Treatment with SM significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin levels and brought about a favorable lipid profile. In these rats, the activities of enzymes of glucose metabolism were normal. These effects were observed at all three doses of SM. High homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values indicated insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats, while the HOMA values in SM-treated fructose-fed rats were comparable to those of control rats. We conclude that administration of SM improves glucose metabolism and plasma lipid profile in fructose-fed rats, possibly through improved insulin-sensitizing actions of the active constituents.
Hyperinsulinemia
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Fructosamine
Dyslipidemia
Glycated hemoglobin
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Homeostasis
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Ketogenic Diet
Gluconeogenesis
Glucokinase
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Steatosis
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Dietary fat
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