Hierarchical porous carbon@PbO1-x composite for high-performance lead-carbon battery towards renewable energy storage
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This paper deals the study of the lead-acid behavior and its modelling based on the Kinetic Battery Model. Results of experimental tests are used to realize the analysis and to estimate the model parameters. These last can serve for prediction and estimation of the battery lifetime according to the actual operating conditions.
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The lead-acid battery is widely used for its high cost efficiency.This paper makes an overview on influential factors for lead-acid battery life,and analyzes several reasons of battery failure,and puts forward the corresponding measures to extend battery life.
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Abstract This paper discusses about the charging profile of a lead acid battery used in electrical scooter. Lead acid battery is a robust and widely used in small electric vehicle because of its price tag. It can be considered to be one of the mature battery in the market thus the charger too. Each lead acid battery from different manufacturer possess different characteristic hence not all charger is suitable for any lead acid battery. The experiment was conducted to determine the charging profile of a 12 V cells lead acid battery connected in series to make 48V battery source. The charging current and voltage were logged and analysed for 3 charge rate. The measurement design of experiment is presented in detail as well. The experiment was repeated for at least four times. As the charging rate increase, the time taken for the charging process to complete became shorter. Nevertheless, we saw that the full battery capacity reduced at faster rate for a higher charger rate. The charging profile of the battery are also validated by the single-cell 12V battery to prove the series and parallel charging significance.
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Three-cells dynamic lead-acid battery has been widely manufactured as the latest secondary battery technology. It is being carried out by 10 cycles of charge-discharge treatment with a various types of SoC, such as 100% (Full charge 5100 mAh), 50% (2550 mAh), 25% (1275 mAh) and discharge current of 0.8A. This experiment aims to analyze the treatment of SOC conditions on the performance of the lead-acid battery. The cyclicality test has performed using a Battery Management System (BMS) by applying an electric current at charging 1 A and discharging 0.8A. The results of the SOC charging conditions at 100%, 50%, 25% respectively gave a difference in the value of voltage efficiency of 84%, 87%, 88%, capacity efficiency values of 84%, 80%, 69%, energy efficiency values of 70%, 70%, 62%. The 100% and 50% SOC treatments showed better performance and battery energy the 25% SOC treatment. This research can be a recommendation to predict the performance of the lead-acid battery model during the charging and discharging process.
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In the charge and discharge system of lead-acid battery, in order to ensure the normal operation of charge and discharge, and to prolong the service life of lead-acid battery, battery management system (BMS) must be built up for lead-acid battery. The battery management system detects each index of battery to prevent over charge and over discharge appeared. In this paper, the function of battery management system, detection of battery voltage and battery current are researched. The lead-acid battery management system is designed to achieve the purpose of real-time monitoring of the lead-acid battery.
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Lead-Acid battery was the earliest secondary battery to be developed. It is the battery that is most widely used in applications ranging from automotive to industrial storage. Nowadays it is often used to store energy from renewable energy sources. There is a growing interest to continue using Lead-Acid batteries in the energy systems due to the recyclability and the manufacturing infrastructure which is already in place. Due to this rising interest, there is also a need to improve the efficiency and extend the life cycle of Lead-Acid batteries. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the physics taking place within individual batteries. A physics based computational model can be used to simulate the mechanisms of the battery accurately and describe all the processes that are happening inside; including the interactions between the battery elements, based upon the physical processes that the model takes into account. In the present paper, we present a discharge/charge experimental study that has been carried out with small Lead-Acid batteries (with a capacity of 7 Ah). The experiments were performed with a constant current rate of 0.1C [A]1 for two different battery arrangements. An in-house zero dimensional model was developed to perform simulations of Lead-Acid batteries under different operating conditions. A validation analysis of the model was executed to confirm the accuracy of the results obtained by the model compared to the aforementioned experiments. Additional simulations of the battery were carried out under different current rates and geometry modifications in order to study how the performance of the battery may change under these conditions.
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A practical microhm internal resistance of lead-acid battery measuring system was designed as a result of the deficiencies in this field. The system was connected by four-wire method and the AC signal of 1k Hz was injected into the lead-acid battery,then the weak signals generated at both ends of the battery was amplified,filtered and transformed to RMS. The system effectively suppressed noise and disturbance,and simplified design,which achieved the measurement of microhm internal resistance of lead-acid battery. The experiments show that the system can be effectively used in the measurement of microhm internal resistance of lead-acid battery,and the measurement results are stable and reliable.
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This paper presents a new and improved model of a lead acid battery that takes into account if the battery is in discharging state, in charging state or in the rest period. The parameters of the model depend upon the changes in the received or delivered battery current. The method to obtain the model parameters and experimental results are also presented.
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Internal resistance
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