The Analysis of Influence of HVDC Commutation Failure on Distance Protection
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Distance protection is a common line protection. The protection range and sensitivity of protection are less affected by the operation mode of the system. At the same time, distance I protection has the advantages of stable protection range and identifying the direction of short-circuit points. However, by side close to the converter station in HVDC transmission distance protection, likely because of commutation failure in DC measurement impedance add-ons with DC fault current equivalent change and change, the different fault cases caused by the additional impedance value, may is inductive or capacitive, leading to refuse or delay action distance protection. This paper builds a DC transmission model based on PSCAD /EMTDC as a simulation tool, and the simulation verification shows that when the metal-grounded transmission line in the near area of dc inverter occurs, the phase-changing failure on the inverter may cause the distance protection rejection.Keywords:
Commutation
Line (geometry)
Power-system protection
HVDC converter station
Transmission system
Commutation failures are very frequent dynamic events in high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems. As for multi-infeed HVDC systems, the interactions between AC and DC systems become more complicated. A failure of one inverter station may affect the operation of other adjacent inverter stations, even the power transmission of HVDC links might be consequently blocked, thus the stable operation of whole AC/DC transmission system might be affected. The authors analyze the present situation of the research on commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC system home and abroad in detail. According to the mechanism of commutation failure, influencing factors and judgment basis, the authors research the prevention measures and control strategies proposed in recent years and their applications, and point out that following issues should be researched henceforward such as the establishment of AC/DC system model which can exactly reflect the commutation process, the analysis on commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC transmission system, the drafting of effective control measures and recovery strategies as well as the impact of harmonics caused by commutation failures and so on.
Commutation
Transmission system
High-voltage direct current
Power transmission
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Citations (22)
The commutation failure is a common fault in line-commutated converter (LCC) based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. The commutation failure is modeled and its influence on reliability of HVDC transmission systems is studied in this paper. First, the commutation failure mechanism of LCC-HVDC transmission systems is analyzed. Then, the commutation failure criterion is presented based on the concept of commutation area. Moreover, a concise equivalent reliability model of the commutation failure is built. The corresponding evaluation method is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the impacts of commutation failures on reliability are studied by introducing the reliability model into the F&D approach in HVDC reliability evaluation. Extensive studies are conducted on a CIGRE benchmark system, which validate the presented methods. The evaluation results show that the commutation failures influence the reliability of HVDC system obviously. After the consideration of commutation failures, the energy unavailability of the HVDC transmission system increases more than 9%.
Commutation
Unavailability
Transmission system
High-voltage direct current
Benchmark (surveying)
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In order to evaluate the security and stability of AC/DC hybrid power systems,it is necessary to explore the interaction between the DC transmission systems and the embedded AC system during commutation failure and DC power recovery.By using a real-time simulaton tool,which can precisely simulate the DC main circuit and its control and protection system,and taking an actual HVDC system in China Southern Power Grid as a test case,this paper evalutes the influence factors on the occurrence of commutation failure of inveter after AC system faults.The results show that the magnitude of three-phase or single-phase voltage drop is the key factor for the occurrence of commutation failure of DC system after three-phase or single-phase to ground faults occur.
Commutation
Transmission system
Power transmission
Power grid
Three-phase
Voltage drop
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The mechanism of commutation failure in DC transmission system is analyzed and the MIIF(Multi-Infeed Interaction Factor) of MIDC(Multi-Infeed Direct Current) transmission system,relevant to commutation failure,is introduced. The system parameters and electric parameters,closely relevant to the extinction angle in the operation of invert system,are analyzed and the main influencing factors of commutation failure in DC transmission system are summarized. The main methods of commutation failure judgment are introduced and three criteria are given for detecting if commutation failure is synchronously occur in different inverter stations of MIDC transmission system:coupling impedance,MIIF and effective short circuit ratio. The suppression measures and system recovery strategies after commutation failure are summarized.
Commutation
Transmission system
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Citations (23)
Commutation failure is a typical fault that occurs in the inverter valves of the HVDC transmission system. Continuous commutation failure will lead to serious results to the power system especially in multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system. In this paper, a novel control method to mitigate commutation failure in HVDC systems due to voltage dips caused by AC system faults is proposed. This detection method is based on instantaneous values of the thyristor voltage and it is realized by Thyristor Triggering and Monitoring (TTM) device and valve base electronics (VBE), which makes the control system react quickly and detect commutation failure with high-precision. After detecting the commutation failure, the firing angle at the inverter station is reduced by a certain angle to extend the commutation margin. The proposed commutation failure mitigation method is tested in various fault simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. A single-infeed HVDC transmission system is created to test the method's effectiveness and a two-infeed HVDC transmission system is developed to study the method's performance in the multi-infeed HVDC transmission system. The test results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly effective in mitigating the continuous commutation failure in both the single-infeed and multiinfeed HVDC transmission system.
Commutation
Transmission system
High-voltage direct current
Power transmission
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Currently, due to the growth in the industrial sector and the increase in the demand for power, the electrical power system has evolved. The modern power system is a complex system, which consists of power plants, transmission networks, different types of loads, and substations with advanced levels of automation, communication, and intelligent devices. The electrical substation is an essential component in power systems alongside generators, transmission systems, and distribution networks. This paper aims to present the transmission substation enhanced alternative version of circuit breaker failure protection system. The circuit breaker failure protection is achieved in utilizing the protection function comprised in the circuit breaker management protection relay. Therefore, CBF will continue to operate should a designated Circuit Breaker (CB) fail to isolate the fault. The outcomes of this paper aim to show that the proposed protection circuit is able to isolate the fault effectively and will protect the substation when the designated CB fails to operate.
Power-system protection
Transmission system
Power transmission
Recloser
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This article first briefly introduced the simple principle of commutation failures of inverters in HVDC transmission system and the responsive measures in DC control system,then comprehensively analyzed three commutation failures occurred during the test run of DC system in Lhasa converter station.The analysis shows that the processes and phenomena of the three commutation failures happened in Lhasa converter station are not in full accord.When voltage fluctuations take place in AC system or the control system is abnormal,DC system will result in commutation failures.At the same time,to high-voltage DC transmission system connected to weak AC systems,when commutation failures occur,the voltage of AC system will fluctuate substantially because of large reactive power consumption,which will lead to continuous commutation failures in DC system,and even lead to DC blocking when it is serious.
Commutation
Transmission system
Commutation cell
Blocking (statistics)
HVDC converter station
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In the multi-infeed line commutated converter based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system, the complex coupling between the AC and DC system and different LCC-HVDC transmission system causes the commutation failure pattern to change, which makes the control and protection system of LCC-HVDC face challenges. In this paper, the fault characteristics of the multi-infeed line commutated converter based high-voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system under different DC system transmission power and different SCR conditions are simulated, and the commutation failure situation and commutation failure prediction action of the system are obtained. The results show that the larger the SCR, the smaller the system transmission power, the smaller the fluctuation of AC voltage after the failure of the AC system, and the smaller the interaction between DC systems.
Commutation
Transmission system
High-voltage direct current
Power transmission
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Commutation failure is one of the most common faults in HVDC transmission system,which is affected by many factors.This paper analyzes the effects of some major factors,such as voltage of commutation bus,DC current,advance firing angle,short circuit impedance and ratio of converter transformer,on the commutation failure in the inverter in HVDC transmission system.The obtained general rule of commutation failure in the inverter in HVDC transmission system is helpful to practical operation.
Commutation
Transmission system
High-voltage direct current
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Citations (1)
2021 International Conference on Advanced Electrical Equipment and Reliable Operation (AEERO) (2021)
In this paper, a new structure of HVDC transmission system is proposed. Only inductors and capacitors are added to the conventional DC transmission system. Firstly, the special commutation process of the new system is analyzed, and the quasi steady state model of HVDC transmission is established. Then, the different calculation methods of extinction angle between the new system and the original system are analyzed, and the principle that the new system can reduce the commutation failure probability is analyzed. Then, the functions of the newly added inductor and capacitor are analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the new system in reducing commutation failure probability is verified by simulation and comparison with conventional HVDC transmission.
Commutation
Transmission system
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