Advances in Vitreoretinal Surgery
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Vitreoretinal surgery has been radically changed over the past 10 years by the development of new techniques, smaller gauge instrumentation, and improvements in vitrectomy machines. The indications for vitrectomy have expanded dramatically, and inoperable conditions have become amenable to surgical treatment. In addition to improvements in intraocular instruments, various dyes become available and enable better visualization and a more complete removal of vitreous and membranes. In this chapter, we issued latest developments in the surgical field of retina that enable improved surgical outcomes and less complications.Keywords:
Vitreoretinal Surgery
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Seperti pada dewasa, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik kini makin popular digunakan oleh ahli anestesikarena keuntungannya. Namun demikian selalu ada risiko dan kemungkinan timbulnya komplikasi dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan, termasuk tindakan anestesi regional pada pediatrik. Insidensi komplikasi anestesi regional pada pediatrik tidak banyak, dan kalaupun terjadi komplikasi adalah minor. Komplikasi bisa diakibatkan dari identifikasi ruang saraf, alat, obat, teknis tindakan anestesi regionalnya dan komplikasi lainnya.Walaupun tidak banyak kejadian komplikasi regional anestesi yang dilaporkan pada pediatrik, dan bukanlah komplikasi yang fatal, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik harus dilakukan dengan lebih hatihati, pertimbangan risiko dan keuntungannya untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi, terlebih karena kebanyakan komplikasi dapat dihindari dengan mempelajari teknik yang benar, menggunakan peralatan yang sesuai, dan sangat menerapkan prinsip keamanan pada pasien dengan baik.
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Genentech is partnering with the German cancer company Affimed to develop immunotherapies for multiple kinds of solid and blood cancers. Affimed is developing therapies that engage natural killer cells of the innate immune system to help direct them to attack cancer cells. Genentech will pay Affimed $96 million up front and up to $5 billion more in potential payments.
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This review presents the evolution of sutureless vitrectomy and describes the minimisation of surgical techniques in the posterior segment, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Shorter operating time, improvement of patient comfort and faster visual recovery are feasible when using small-diameter sutureless vitrectomy technique and equipment. However, a number of associated problems, such as postsurgical hypotony and endophthalmitis, were noticed initially in higher rates compared to 20-gauge vitreoretinal surgery. The purpose of this review is to summarise the available information on transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and evaluate its role in modern vitreous surgery.
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Pars plana vitrectomy is a form of surgery to remove the vitreous body. It is performed with various eye diseases. Replacement of the vitreous body is necessitated by its removal. After more than 50 years the search for the ideal vitreous replacement has not yet ended. Different materials are used to replace the vitreous body. The advantages, disadvantages and applications of those materials are discussed. The lack of a material to successfully replace the vitreous body is a significant restriction in the treatment vitreoretinal pathologies.
Vitreoretinal Surgery
Vitreous hemorrhage
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The closed vitrectomy system, which was first described by Machemer in 1971, is the most frequently applied method in the treatment of vitreoretinal pathologies, especially with the developments in vitrectomy systems in the last decade. Today, safe, fast and effective vitreoretinal surgery is possible thanks to the use of microincisional instruments. In this article, technical information about Megathron S4 HPS vitrectomy system, which is one of the current systems, is explained.
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It is a handbook of vitreoretinal surgery and may be useful for fellows, senior residents, or junior practitioners in a retina care center. There are 14 chapters in the book. The first chapter is on the history of vitreous surgery which explains the evolution of vitreous surgery in terms of instruments and developments of techniques in simple language. In the following chapters, techniques such as pars plana vitrectomy and macular surgeries are described in detail, with their complications and prognoses. The last chapter discusses vitreous substitutes (both conventional ones such as gases and liquids and new ones such as semi-fluorinated alkanes), which adds to the importance of the book. Except for the last chapter, each chapter has high-resolution intraoperative photographs and images, which helps the reader in understanding contents of the chapter. In summary, this handbook provides guidance for clinicians dealing with the technique of vitrectomy.
Vitreoretinal Surgery
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