Association between nut consumption and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults
Shunming ZhangJingzhu FuQing ZhangLi LiuMeng GeZhanxin YaoHongmei WuXue BaoYeqing GuMin LüShaomei SunXing WangMing ZhouQiyu JiaKun SongHuiling XiangYuntang WuKaijun Niu
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Abstract:
Increased nut consumption has been associated with reduced inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Although these factors are closely involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), few studies have focused on the association between nut consumption and NAFLD in the general population. We aimed to investigate the association of nut consumption and NAFLD in an adult population.A total of 23 915 participants from Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) Cohort Study were included in this study. Information on dietary intake was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Abdominal ultrasonography was done to diagnose NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of nut consumption with NAFLD.After adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, dietary, and lifestyle variables, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for NAFLD across categories of nut consumption were 1.00 (reference) for <1 time/week, 0.91 (0.82, 1.02) for 1 time/week, 0.88 (0.76, 1.02) for 2-3 times/week, and 0.80 (0.69, 0.92) for ≥4 times/week (P for trend < 0.01). These associations were attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for blood lipids, glucose, and inflammation markers.Higher nut consumption was significantly associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD. Further prospective studies and randomized trials are required to ascertain the causal association between nut consumption and NAFLD.Keywords:
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Objective To investigate the epidemiology of fatty liver,metabolic syndrome,and their relationgship in Sinopec Zhenhai Refining Chemical Company(ZRCC).Methods 9543 people for health examination were chosen to observe their data of general imformation,physical examination,biochemical parameter.Fatty liver was diagnosed according to two dimension ultrasound.Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to 2005 IDF criteria.Results Of 9543 people,1177 were diagnosed as fatty liver,and the prevalence of fatty live was 12.3%;1289 were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome,and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13.6%.The prevalence of both was increased with aging(0.05).The prevalence of fatty liver in people with metabolic syndrome was higher than that in the control group,and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people with fatty liver was also higher than that in the control group.Conclusion The prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome were 12.3% and 13.6% respectively in ZRCC.Fatty liver is the accumulation of risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
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Background. Fatty liver index (FLI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are indexes originally designed to assess the risk of fatty liver and cardiovascular disease, respectively. Both indexes have been proven to be reliable markers of subsequent metabolic syndrome; however, their ability to predict metabolic syndrome in subjects without fatty liver disease has not been clarified. Methods. We enrolled consecutive subjects who received health check-up services at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2002 to 2009. Fatty liver disease was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The ability of the FLI and LAP to predict metabolic syndrome was assessed by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results. Male sex was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, and the LAP and FLI were better than other variables to predict metabolic syndrome among the 29,797 subjects. Both indexes were also better than other variables to detect metabolic syndrome in subjects without fatty liver disease (AUROC: 0.871 and 0.879, resp.), and the predictive power was greater among women. Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome increases the cardiovascular disease risk. The FLI and LAP could be used to recognize the syndrome in both subjects with and without fatty liver disease who require lifestyle modifications and counseling.
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Metabolic syndrome (MS) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) spectrum disorder share commonrisk factors namely obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, and hence, there is evidencenow to show that NAFLD may actually be a hepatic manifestation of MS. Moreover, the presence of NAFLDin a patient with metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular events and other co-morbidities.Hence there is a need to develop an integrated preventive and therapeutic approach for both these conditionsand not treat them as separate entities.
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In Western world, non-alcohlic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the commonest liver problem, and it is being recognised as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome increases, NASH may become one of the more common causes of end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. But much information is not available in this association. So an attempt has been made to correlate both.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the commonest liver problem in the western world and is increasingly being recognised as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is known to be associated with various metabolic abnormalities, but not much information regarding association between the metabolic disease and the severity of fatty liver is available.To study the clinical profile of patients of NAFLD with varying degrees of severity as diagnosed by ultrasonography and to study the correlation between the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome along with its individual components.The study was an observational and analytical study of patients diagnosed as NAFLD, attending OPD and indoor patients of the Department of Medicine, J A Group of hospitals. All patients diagnosed as NAFLD were investigated for metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP ATP 3 Criteria and a relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome was studied.51.4% of patients of NAFLD had metabolic syndrome and statistical significance was found in AST, diabetes mellitus and lipid profile.There is higher prevalence of all the components of metabolic syndrome in cases of NAFLD. Its early detection will help in modifying the disease course, delaying complications and will also play a major role in preventive cardiology.
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Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as fat accumulation exceeding 5% to 10% by the weight of the liver, in the absence of other causes of steatosis. NAFLD is strongly associated with metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. At present, insulin resistance, elevated concentrations of free fatty acids and oxidants, and an imbalance between different cytokines have been identified as the common pathophysiological elements underlying both NAFLD and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence also considers NAFLD as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and supports a possible direct role of fat liver in cardiovascular risk assessment. Further investigations are needed to better understand the role of NAFLD, as an independent active factor in metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular disease. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular risk
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Although many studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are underway worldwide, and several existing studies have investigated the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors, studies comparing NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate differences between the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in NAFLD and AFLD.A retrospective analysis of 913 patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed to compare the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome between NAFLD and AFLD. Subjects were divided into three groups based on criteria: healthy (n = 572), NAFLD (n = 295), and AFLD (n = 46). The healthy group had no liver disease. NAFLD was defined as fatty liver diagnosed on CT and drinking less than 140 g/week for men or 70 g/week for women. AFLD was defined as fatty liver diagnosed on CT and drinking more than 140 g/week for men or 70 g/week for women. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome between the three groups. The relationship between each group and the metabolic syndrome risk was analyzed through multivariate logistic regression analysis.No significant differences in several cardiovascular risk factors were observed between the NAFLD and AFLD groups. Upon analyzing the metabolic syndrome status in each group after making appropriate adjustments, the odds ratios (ORs) in the NAFLD (OR = 2.397, P = 0.002) and AFLD groups (OR = 4.445, P = 0.001) were found to be significantly higher than that in the healthy group; the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was similar in the NAFLD and AFLD groups.Both the NAFLD and AFLD groups had more cardiovascular risk factors and higher metabolic syndrome risk than the healthy group. Thus, the prevention of fatty liver disease, regardless of the specific type, should involve the identification of cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome risk factors. If abdominal CT reveals a fatty liver, whether NAFLD or AFLD, the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome should be assessed.
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Metabolic syndrome describes the co-occurrence of central adiposity, dysglycaemia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities and a number of other metabolic changes that increase risk of cardiovascular disease. This multi-system condition has adverse effects on many organs, the liver being one of them. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease appears to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is increasingly recognised as a major contributor to the burden of chronic liver disease world-wide. Metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease appear to have a common pathogenesis, arising from insulin resistance, central adiposity and chronic low grade inflammation. Treatment of metabolic syndrome may have a significant impact on progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and therapeutic options treating the underlying cause of metabolic syndrome (weight loss and insulin sensitising drug therapy) appear to be valid options in treating liver disease to prevent progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Recent studies suggest a possible role for vitamin E. Prevention of obesity is extremely important to reduce the risk of this condition leading to a growing cause of liver morbidity in the future. Keywords: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; metabolic syndrome International Journal of Hepatology Vol.1(4) 2010 pp.17-24
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