Starch-PVA composite films with zinc-oxide nanoparticles and phytochemicals as intelligent pH sensing wraps for food packaging application
Aswathy JayakumarHeera K.V.Sumi T.S.Meritta JosephShiji MathewG. PraveenIndu C. NairE. K. Radhakrishnan
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Three hundred and sixty early-weaned barrows were fed either a control diet; diets containing added Zn (l00, 200, 300, 400, or 500 ppm) from zinc sulfate or a zinc amino acid complex (AvailaZn); or a diet containing 3,000 ppm of additional Zn from zinc oxide. All diets contained 165 ppm of Zn from zinc oxide from the trace mineral premix. Pigs fed 3,000 ppm of Zn from zinc oxide had maximum growth performance compared to those fed other diets, whereas those fed added zinc sulfate and AvailaZn showed intermediate results relative to the negative control and the 3,000 ppm of Zn from zinc oxide diet. These results support previous Kansas State University research showing maximum performance being achieved with additions of 3,000 ppm of Zn from zinc oxide. Further research is needed to evaluate the intermediate response to zinc sulfate and AvailaZn and determine whether the benefits in ADG and F/G were due to a growth promotion response or whether the starter pig has a higher Zn requirement than met by the negative control (165 ppm Zn from zinc oxide).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1998
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In the present study it was shown in rats that zinc is absorbed from excisional wounds treated with zinc sulphate. Systemic toxic effects were observed in the group treated with 20% zinc sulphate. Local toxic effects were seen in wounds treated with 0.2%, 2% and 20% zinc sulphate. An inhibitory effect of zinc on the migration of granulocytes was suggested on the basis of microscopic observation. In the operated groups which were not treated with zinc and the group treated with 0.02% zinc sulphate a decline was observed in the concentration of zinc in serum. The zinc concentration in serum increased in proportion to the zinc sulphate concentration (0.2%, 2% and 20%) applied to the wounds, while the copper concentration decreased in the groups treated with 2% and 20% zinc sulphate. In all operated groups an increase in zinc and copper concentrations was observed in liver. This was most pronounced in groups treated with higher concentrations of zinc sulphate (0.2%, 2% and 20%). The groups treated with higher concentrations of zinc sulphate also had higher pancreas zinc concentrations than the remaining groups.
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Different chemical forms of essential minerals and trace elements supplemented to feed may show different bioavailability in fish. The present experiment was performed to compare an organic zinc form (Zn-gluconate) with zinc sulphate as dietary zinc sources for Atlantic salmon. Triplicate groups of fish were fed commercial fish meal based diets supplemented with either a low zinc level (50 mg Zn kg−1) or medium zinc level (180 mg Zn kg−1) as zinc gluconate or zinc sulphate for 6 months. Growth, mortality and feed conversion were recorded through the experiment. Fish were sampled initially and every month for zinc status analyses measured as whole-body zinc concentration. After 4 and 6 months, vertebral zinc concentration was measured and serum zinc was analysed at the end of the experiment. There were no differences in growth or mortality during the experiment. The results showed a significant effect of dietary zinc supplementation level on zinc status in fish for both zinc forms. However, there were no differences in zinc status between groups given different zinc forms. In conclusion, the present experiment showed that zinc sulphate and zinc gluconate are equally efficient as zinc supplements in salmon feeds within the concentrations normally found in salmon feed.
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The pharmacokinetic behaviours of zinc oxide and zinc sulfate when applied as single doses to full-thickness excised rat skin wounds were studied. In the zinc oxide group, the wound fluid zinc concentration increased slightly over the 48-h postoperative period due to increased solubilization of zinc oxide, attributed to increased protein concentration of the wound fluid. When zinc sulfate was applied to the wounds, the wound fluid zinc concentration decreased rapidly during the first 4 postoperative h and then at a slower rate. The changes in the serum zinc level followed essentially the same kinetic pattern as that of the wound fluid zinc levels. The zinc concentration of the wounded tissue remained almost constant in zinc oxide treated wounds whilst it diminished in zinc sulfate treated wounds. In conclusion, zinc oxide delivers zinc ions to wounds over an extended period of time which results in constant wound tissue zinc levels. In contrast, zinc sulfate rapidly delivers zinc ions which results in decreasing tissue zinc levels.
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Abstract A CONSIDERABLE number of recent investigations have concerned the zinc requirement of chickens and turkeys. This work was stimulated by the results of studies conducted by O’Dell and Savage (1957) and Supplee et al. (1958). Compounds which have been used as zinc sources in the various investigations include zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate and certain zinc proteinates. A few comparisons have been made, but only one detailed study has been conducted to determine the biological availability of zinc from various sources to chicks and poults. Roberson and Schaible (1958) reported that the zinc in zinc sulfate and zinc chloride was equally available to starting chicks. One-hundred parts per million (ppm.) of zinc from each compound was added to a zinc-deficient, purified diet. This level of supplementary zinc, however, was more than three times the amount required by chicks. No definite conclusions regarding availability can be drawn from …
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles are one of the most versatile materials, due to their diverse properties, functionalities, and applications. Their potencial in agriculture is also not negligible. The zinc in form of nanoparticles is more available for plants due to its skill to penetrate roots better. In this work we focused on the evaluation and comparison of effect of common zinc source (ZnSO4.7H2O), and zinc in form of nanoparticles (nanoZnO). Our pilot results show that it is very important to deal with the toxicity of zinc in the form of nanoparticles, as this form is most likely to be more toxic to plants than its equivalents in the form of simple inorganic salts.
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