Prolonged subjective duration near the hands: Effects of hand proximity on temporal reproduction
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Keywords:
Disengagement theory
Time perception
Visual processing
Recent sensory history plays a critical role in the perception of event duration. For example, repetitive exposure to a particular duration leads to the distortion of subsequent duration perception. This phenomenon, termed duration adaptation, induces a robust repulsive duration aftereffect. In particular, adaptation to relatively long sensory events shortens the perceived duration of a subsequent event, while adaptation to relatively short sensory events lengthens the perception of subsequent event durations. This phenomenon implies the plasticity of duration perception and offers important clues for revealing the cognitive neural mechanism of duration perception. Duration aftereffect has received more and more attention in recent years. In this review, we introduce recent research advances in our understanding of duration aftereffect, especially with regards to its manifestations, origin, and cognitive neural mechanisms. We also propose possible directions for future research. In sum, we posit that studies on the duration aftereffect phenomenon are helpful in understanding general duration perception, and as such, should receive more attention in future.
Time perception
Phenomenon
Neural adaptation
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Evidence reveals that visual processing speed decreases with age. The Motor-Free Visual Perception Test- Third Edition (MVPT-3) has an age-normed Response Time Index that measures visual processing speed. In 2015, a new version, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test- Fourth Edition (MVPT-4), was published. The new MVPT-4 does not yet demonstrate its utility in measuring visual processing speed. The purpose of this study was to explore if differences in visual processing speed between younger adults ages 20-35 years and older adults ages 70 years and older could be detected using the new MVPT-4. Results revealed a significant difference between older and younger adults’ time to complete the MVPT-4 (p <.05). This pilot study demonstrated that the MVPT-4 may be able to detect age-related changes in visual processing speed and therefore, a possible clinical tool for occupational therapists.
Visual processing
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The perception of spatial extent and time duration may share several common properties. It is well established that a visually specified distance appears to be longer if there are more intervening points within that distance. Similarly, segmenting an interval of time leads to biases in duration judgments. To explore the involvement of temporal mechanisms in distance processing, we conducted a series of studies investigating aspects of traversed distance perception - a skill that typically involves integrating input from both proprioceptive and temporal duration information. In Exp. 1 we first explored the segmentation effect in time perception alone. It was found that if there were more intervening auditory events (identifying odd/even digits) during a temporal duration, subjects'(Ss') estimates of duration were longer. In Exp. 2, Ss traversed a distance and were then required to walk again to, both reproduce the extent of the learned distance and reproduce the duration of travel. Again intervening auditory events served as a means of segmenting the distance/duration. In Exp. 3, Ss traversed two distances and were required to make discrimination judgments related to either, the distance extent or the duration of travel. Different levels of segmentation were achieved by requiring Ss to pause briefly for a predetermined time period during one of the walked distances. For both Exp. 2 and Exp. 3, similar effects of segmentation were observed for distance reproduction and for duration reproduction, suggesting a possible shared mechanism.
Time perception
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Time perception
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William James's use of "time in passing" and "stream of thoughts" may be two sides of the same coin that emerge from the brain segmenting the continuous flow of information into discrete events. Herein, we investigated how the density of events affects two temporal experiences: the felt duration and speed of time. Using a temporal bisection task, participants classified seconds-long videos of naturalistic scenes as short or long (duration), or slow or fast (passage of time). Videos contained a varying number and type of events. We found that a large number of events lengthened subjective duration and accelerated the felt passage of time. Surprisingly, participants were also faster at estimating their felt passage of time compared to duration. The perception of duration scaled with duration and event density, whereas the felt passage of time scaled with the rate of change. Altogether, our results suggest that distinct mechanisms underlie these two experiential times.
Time perception
Bisection
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Scene statistics
Visual processing
Visual Search
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It has been suggested that high concentration or flow experience alters the sensation of time. Additionally, attention is known to affect the perception of time. To investigate whether the effect of concentration on time perception is equivalent to that of attention, we investigated the correlation between subjective concentration and the judgment of temporal duration through 3 experiments employing 8 everyday tasks. The results showed that concentration rating was not significantly correlated with duration estimates in ordinary time units and was negatively correlated with categorical duration judgment. With the feedback of physical elapsed time, categorical duration judgment eliminated the correlation, suggesting that concentration was correlated with duration judgment only when the participants did not have access to information concerning duration. Unlike attention, concentration had an effect on subjective time impression but not on duration estimation, suggesting that it affects time perception differently from effort-based mechanisms.
Time perception
Categorical variable
Affect
Exposure duration
Sensation
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Abstract In his recent book The Stream of Consciousness, Dainton provides what must surely count as one of the most comprehensive discussions of time‐consciousness in analytical philosophy. In the course of doing so, he also challenges Husserl’s classical account in a number of ways. In the following contribution, I will compare Dainton’s and Husserl’s respective accounts. Such a comparison will not only make it evident why an analysis of time‐consciousness is so important, but will also provide a neat opportunity to appraise the contemporary relevance of Husserl’s analysis. How does it measure up against one of the more recent analytical accounts?
Time perception
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Supplementary Figure 1.Mean responses at each of the seven levels of target stimulus duration, for stimuli congruent and incongruent with moving fingers in all experiments.Congruent datapoints are represented in black and grey points show the incongruent data.Psychometric functions are modeled for representational purposes.
Time perception
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The segmentation-change model of time perception proposes that individuals engaged in cognitive tasks during a given interval of time retrospectively estimate duration by recalling events that occurred during the interval and inferring each event's duration. Previous research suggests that individuals can recall the number of songs heard during an interval and infer the length of each song, exactly the conditions that foster estimates of duration based on the segmentation-change model. The results of a laboratory experiment indicated that subjects who solved word-search puzzles for 20 min. estimated the duration of the interval to be longer when 8 short songs (<3 min.) as opposed to 4 long songs (6+ min.) were played in the background, regardless of whether the musical format was Contemporary Dance or New Age. Assuming each song represented a distinct segment in memory, these results are consistent with the segmentation-change model. These results suggest that background music may not always reduce estimates of duration by drawing attention away from the passage of time. Instead, background music may actually expand the subjective length of an interval by creating accessible traces in memory, which are retrospectively used to infer duration.
Time perception
Music psychology
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