Real-Time Orbit Determination of Korean Navigation Satellite System based on Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning
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Abstract:
This study proposes real-time orbit/clock determination of Korean Navigation Satellite System (KNSS), which employs the kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) solutions of multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (multi-GNSS) to compensate for receiver clock offset. Global visibility of KNSS satellites in terms of geometric coverage is first analyzed for the purpose of selecting optimal locations of KNSS monitoring stations among International GNSS Service (IGS) and Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) network. While the receiver clock offset is obtained from multi-GNSS PPP clock solutions of real observation data, KNSS measurements are simulated from the dynamically propagated KNSS reference orbit and the receiver clock offset. The offset and drift of satellite clock are also generated based on two-state clock model considering atomic clock noise. Real-time orbit determination results are compared with an artificially generated true or bit, wihch show 0.4m and 0.5m of 3-dimensional root-mean-square (RMS) position errors for geostationary (GEO) and ellitically-inclined-geosynchronous-orbit (EIGSO) satellites, respectively. The overall results show that the real-time precise orbit determination of KNSS should be achievable in meter level by installing KNSS-compatible multi-GNSS receivers on the IGS and/or MGEX network. The overall process can be also used to verify integrity of KNSS monitoring stations.Keywords:
Precise Point Positioning
Orbit (dynamics)
Orbit Determination
Medium Earth orbit
This manuscript presents an approach to accurately determine the orbits of Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) space objects by utilizing data from an electro-optical sensor (Optical Satellite Tracking Station (OSTS), Kottamia Observatory station). The proposed method combines an extended and unscented Kalman filter with a semi-analytical propagation model. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations and comparisons with traditional orbit determination techniques. The results drawn from this study show that when comparing both methods, the unscented semi-analytical Kalman filter provided more accurate orbital state estimates and required less time and fewer observations to converge.
Orbit Determination
Orbit (dynamics)
Ground track
Orbital mechanics
Tracking (education)
Orbital elements
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Based on BDS/GPS observation data,a method of precise orbit determination of BeiDou satellites was studied on.The experiment of precise orbit determination was processed by PANDA using data from BeiDou Experiment Tracking Stations(BETS).The results showed that the orbit precision of BeiDou satellites could be better than 10 cm in the radial direction,and three-dimensional orbit precision of GEO could be better than 5 m,and that of IGSO and MEO could be better than o.5 m.But the bias would appear in the along direction of GEO.
Orbit Determination
Orbit (dynamics)
Satellite Tracking
Medium Earth orbit
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Abstract Over the past years the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) Wuhan Innovation Application Center (IAC) dedicated to exploring the potential of multi-GNSS signals and providing a set of products and services. This contribution summarizes the strategies, achievements, and innovations of multi-GNSS orbit/clock/bias determination in iGMAS Wuhan IAC. Both the precise products and Real-Time Services (RTS) are evaluated and discussed. The precise orbit and clock products have comparable accuracy with the precise products of the International GNSS Service (IGS) and iGMAS. The multi-frequency code and phase bias products for Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo), and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS) are provided to support multi-GNSS and multi-frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Ambiguity Resolution (AR). Compared with dual-frequency PPP AR, the time to first fix of triple-frequency solution is improved by 30%. For RTS, the proposed orbit prediction strategy improves the three dimensional accuracy of predicted orbit by 1 cm. The multi-thread strategy and high-performance matrix library are employed to accelerate the real-time orbit and clock determination. The results with respect to the IGS precise products show the high accuracy of RTS orbits and clocks, 4–9 cm and 0.1–0.2 ns, respectively. Using real-time satellite corrections, real-time PPP solutions achieve satisfactory performance with horizontal and vertical positioning errors within 2 and 4 cm, respectively, and convergence time of 16.97 min.
Precise Point Positioning
GLONASS
Ambiguity Resolution
Galileo (satellite navigation)
Orbit (dynamics)
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit Determination
Real Time Kinematic
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Using the FengYun-3C (FY-3C) onboard BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data from 2013 to 2017, this study investigates the performance and contribution of BDS to precise orbit determination (POD) for a low-Earth orbit (LEO). The overlap comparison result indicates that code bias correction of BDS can improve the POD accuracy by 12.4%. The multi-year averaged one-dimensional (1D) root mean square (RMS) of the overlapping orbit differences (OODs) for the GPS-only solution is 2.0, 1.7, and 1.5 cm, respectively, during the 2013, 2015, and 2017 periods. The 1D RMS for the BDS-only solution is 150.9, 115.0, and 47.4 cm, respectively, during the 2013, 2015, and 2017 periods, which is much worse than the GPS-only solution due to the regional system of BDS and the few BDS channels of the FY-3C receiver. For the BDS and GPS combined solution (also known as the GC combined solution), the averaged 1D RMS is 2.5, 2.3, and 1.6 cm, respectively, in 2013, 2015, and 2017, while the GC combined POD presents a significant accuracy improvement after the exclusion of geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites. The main reason for the improvement seen after this exclusion is the unfavorable satellite tracking geometry and poor orbit accuracy of GEO satellites. The accuracy of BDS-only and GC combined solutions have gradually improved from 2013 to 2017, thanks to improvements in the accuracy of International GNSS Service (IGS) orbit and clock products in recent years, especially the availability of a high-frequency satellite clock product (30 s sampling interval) since 2015. Moreover, the GC POD (without GEO) was able to achieve slightly better accuracy than the GPS-only POD in 2017, indicating that the fusion of BDS and GPS observations can improve the accuracy of LEO POD. GC combined POD can significantly improve the reliability of LEO POD, simply due to system redundancy. An increased contribution of BDS to LEO POD can be expected with the launch of more BDS satellites and with further improvements in the accuracy of BDS satellite products in the near future.
Orbit Determination
Orbit (dynamics)
Medium Earth orbit
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A new precise point positioning (PPP)-B2b augmentation service broadcast by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) satellite can provide real-time and high-precision orbit and clock offset corrections for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) users in China and its surrounding areas. It has great significance and research value for real-time and high-precision positioning applications. First, orbit, clock offset, and differential code bias (DCB) of PPP-B2b products are evaluated. Second, the influence of PPP-B2b service on the enhanced positioning of single-frequency (SF), dual-frequency (DF), and Multi-Frequency (MF) real-time PPP using 30 days of BDS-3 observations is verified. The result shows that the standard deviation (STD) of clock offset and the root mean square (rms) of orbit in the 3-D direction for medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites are 0.118 ns and 0.286 m, respectively, which is 75.9% and 18.3% higher than that of broadcast ephemeris. The statistical results show that the median positioning accuracy of static SF PPP, DF PPP, and MF PPP is better than 0.20/0.09/0.08 m, and the convergence time is better than 51/10/8 min. The median positioning accuracy of kinematic SF PPP, DF PPP, and MF PPP is better than 0.40/0.12/0.12 m, and the convergence time is better than 145/16/12 min. Using the PPP-B2b products, the positioning accuracy of DF PPP and MF PPP is comparable and close to that of DF PPP using the precise products, while the convergence time of MF PPP is improved by 24.8% and 27.7% over DF PPP in static and kinematic solutions, respectively.
Precise Point Positioning
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
Orbit Determination
Ephemeris
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Elliptic orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
Frozen orbit
Orbit Determination
Medium Earth orbit
Orbital elements
Synchronous orbit
Circular orbit
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Citations (32)
The third generation of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3) is a global navigation system, and is expected to be in full operation by 2020. High-precision orbits are a precondition for BDS-3 to provide a highly accurate service, which needs a global tracking and monitoring capability for the operational satellites. However, it is difficult for BDS to construct global ground monitoring stations. Fortunately, Ka-band Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) antennae fitted to the BDS-3 satellites can be used to extend the visible arc of the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites and to enhance the ground stations for orbit determination. This paper analyses the ISL-enhanced orbit determination for eight BDS-3 satellites, using the data from ten Chinese domestic stations and 13 international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) overseas stations. The results show that the Three-Dimensional (3D) position Root Mean Square (RMS) error of the Overlapping Orbit Differences (OODs) is approximately 1 m when only ten regional stations are used. When the ISL measurements are added, the 3D position RMS error is decreased to 0·5 m, and the accuracy of the 24-hour orbit prediction can also be improved from 2 m to 0·7 m, which is even better than that of the orbits determined using globally distributed stations. It can be expected that with the subsequent launch of BDS-3 satellites and the increasing number of ISLs, the advantage of the ISL enhanced orbit determination will become more significant.
Orbit Determination
Orbit (dynamics)
Ground track
Medium Earth orbit
Position (finance)
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Citations (68)
The precise orbit determination (POD) for BeiDou satellites is usually limited by the insufficient quantity and poor distribution of ground tracking stations. To cope with this problem, this study used the GPS and BeiDou joint POD method based on Chinese national continuous operating reference stations (CNCORS) and IGS/MGEX stations. The results show that the 3D RMS of the differences of overlapping arcs is better than 22 cm for geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites and better than 10 cm for inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. The radial RMS is better than 2 cm for all three types of BeiDou satellites. The results of satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals show that the RMS of the IGSO and MEO satellites is better than 5 cm, whereas the GEO satellite has a systematic bias. This study investigates the contributions of CNCORS to the POD of BeiDou satellites. The results show that after the incorporation of CNCORS, the precision of overlapping arcs of the GEO, IGSO, and MEO satellites is improved by 15.5%, 57.5%, and 5.3%, respectively. In accordance with the improvement in the precision of overlapping arcs, the accuracy of the IGSO and MEO satellites assessed by the SLR is improved by 30.1% and 4.8%, respectively. The computation results and analysis demonstrate that the inclusion of CNCORS yields the biggest contribution in the improvement of orbit accuracy for IGSO satellites, when compared to GEO satellites, while the orbit improvement for MEO satellites is the lowest due to their global coverage.
Orbit Determination
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
Dilution of precision
Satellite laser ranging
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The characteristics of two-body orbit, the design and calculation of sun-synchronous orbit, regressive orbit, critical Inclination and frozen orbit, geostationary orbit, geosynchronous orbit, constellation orbit and geostationary satellite group, as well as the calculation method of satellite's orbit and remote sensing image's geometric positioning are introduced.
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
Synchronous orbit
Frozen orbit
Ground track
Geocentric orbit
Elliptic orbit
Earth's orbit
Lunar orbit
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The space constellation of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) is a hybrid constellation containing medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites. Due to the geosynchronous characteristics of GEO and IGSO, GEO satellites and IGSO satellites often need to perform orbital maneuvers, which can affect the signal-in-space (SIS) availability performance of BeiDou satellites. A two-step detection method for BeiDou satellite orbital maneuvers has been proposed in this paper. The first step is to identify orbital maneuvers based on time series analysis of broadcast ephemeris, and the second step is to verify orbital maneuvers based on bidirectional orbit prediction. The two-step detection method was used to detect the orbital maneuvers of BeiDou satellites in 2019. Through the double guarantees of identification and verification, the detection accuracy of BeiDou satellite orbital maneuvers has been effectively improved. And the orbital maneuver detection results are continued to be used to assess the SIS availability of BeiDou satellites. The results show that the availability loss of GEO satellite orbital maneuvers is about 0.45%–1.07%, and the availability loss of IGSO satellite orbital maneuvers is about 0.12%–0.19%.
Ephemeris
Medium Earth orbit
Orbit (dynamics)
Orbital elements
Orbit Determination
Orbital inclination
Satellite constellation
Orbital mechanics
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