An Experimental Setup for Studying the Deformation Dynamics of Metal Samples under Pulsed Magnetic Field
Yu. B. KudasovI. V. MakarovВ.В. ПлатоновО. М. СурдинД. А. МасловStanislav VoronovA. Yu. MalyshevA. S. KorshunovE. Ya. PopovА. С. Светлов
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An apparatus is described which produces a strong magnetic field in a form of a rectangular pulse. The apparatus is composed of a coil for producing the magnetic field, a capacitor for storing electrical energy, and a pulse forming net-work. The maximum field obtained so far is 174 kOe. The rise time of the field is 200 µs. The field lasts for 700 µs. The overshoot of the magnetic field is less than 2 per cent of the average field strength. As an example of the application of the rectangular field a relaxation process in ruby is studied by employing an optical technique.
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A driving power is designed to drive giant magnetostrictive transducer(GMT) based on analysis of the structure and the working mechanism of GMT.Experimental study is done on the relationships between input pulse current with different widths and the amplitude wave output characteristic for the transducer.The experiment result shows that the first wave of amplitude reaches 82 μm and lags 25 μs than the input pulse current at pulse width of 75 μs.At the same time the aftershock waveform of GMT is the minimum.In addition,the main vibration frequency of 46 kHz with different pulse widths is not changed.
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Unipolar and bipolar arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) are described. Starting from a single 2-ns-wide pulse, a train of 2-ns-wide, variable amplitude pulses are formed by splitting the initial pulse into multiple, equal amplitude pulses and then delaying and attenuating each of these pulses separately. By choosing the proper attenuation (pulse amplitudes) and adding the train of pulses together, an arbitrary unipolar waveform can be constructed. With the addition of a second pulse generator of opposite polarity, an arbitrary bipolar waveform can be generated.
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The principles and results of the numerical and experimental study of the magnetic field of the magnetic separator inductor based on the three-phase asynchronous motor series A51/2 in no-load condition. A quasi-three-dimensional mathematical model describing the magnetic field of the inductor is formed, and a method for calculating this field in its volume is set out. To calculate the method of flat-parallel calculation models is used, that is, spent numerically-field interconnected calculations of the magnetic field in the transverse and longitudinal sections of the inductor. The interrelation of these fields is carried out with the help of a set of special boundary conditions in these sections. The comparison and confirmation of the calculated magnetic field with the measured magnetic field during the experiment is carried out. With the magnetic separator inductor, its magnetic field will be created by an alternating current, that is, when working with alternating voltage. For correct comparison with the calculated magnetic field, measurements were made when powered from a DC network. This is due to the fact that the magnetic field simulation in the FEMM program is carried out at instantaneous current values, that is, simulates the instant of time in which the current has constant values. For surges and recessions in magnitude magnetic induction distributions in a transverse section, a working chamber of an inductor sample is defined. Due to the gradient in the distribution of magnetic induction in the longitudinal section, the inductor's working zone will contribute to the retraction of the ferromagnetic working elements.
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A dynamic deformation of sheet magnetic and nonmagnetic metal workpieces under a combination of a slowly varying primary magnetic field and a sequence of short magnetic field pulses with the opposite polarity is studied. This regime corresponds to backward electromagnetic forming. A fast motion of the workpiece induces an additional electromotive force in a discharge circuit and substantially alters a shape of the current pulse in an inductor. During the short opposite pulses, the Lorentz and magnetization components of the magnetic pressure on the magnetic workpiece demonstrate an unusual behavior, that is, the Lorentz pressure is attractive and the magnetization one is predominantly repulsive relative to the inductor. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem.
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A method of detecting actual or incipient submersion of an electroacoustic transducer (2) facing downwardly toward a surface of fluent material to be sensed in a pulse-echo acoustic ranging system, the transducer having a skirt (6) surrounding a downwardly facing radiating surface (4) to maintain an air space (10) beneath the radiating surface even under submergence conditions, and the transducer being electrically energized to emit pulses of acoustic energy from the radiating surface, the system processing an electrical output received from the transducer following a pulse by repeatedly sampling it to obtain a response profile. Samples from an initial portion of the response of the transducer during a ring-down period following the transmit pulse are summed (FIG. 2) in a manner such as to eliminate from the sum portions of each sample due to echo responses above a threshold determined on the basis of preceding samples, and the sum is compared with a predetermined threshold to determine whether submergence is indicated. Typically, the amplitude of each sample is compared with the lowest amplitude sample previously detected, and that lowest amplitude is substituted in the sum for the sample amplitude if lower than the latter.
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ABSTRACT Field effect measurements have been carried out in a transverse magnetic field. A systematic study at different magnetic field strengths revealed that the polarity of the space charge layer could be inverted by a suitably chosen magnetic field. At the same time the behaviour of the magneto-resistance was studied. A qualitative interpretation of both phenomena is proposed.
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