Animal‐ and human‐based evidence for the protective effects of stem cell therapy against cardiovascular disorders
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Abstract The increasing rate of mortality and morbidity because of cardiac diseases has called for efficient therapeutic needs. With the advancement in cell‐based therapies, stem cells are abundantly studied in this area. Nearly, all sources of stem cells are experimented to treat cardiac injuries. Tissue engineering has also backed this technique by providing an advantageous platform to improve stem cell therapy. After in vitro studies, primary treatment‐based research studies comprise small and large animal studies. Furthermore, these studies are implemented in human models in the form of clinical trials. Purpose of this review is to highlight the animal‐ and human‐based studies, exploiting various stem cell sources, to treat cardiovascular disorders.Keywords:
Stem Cell Therapy
Cell therapy
Stem cells are generally defined as cells that have the capacity to self-renewal and differentiate to specialize cell. There are two kinds of stem cell, embryonic stem cell and adult stem cells. Stem cell therapy has been used to treat diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart diseases, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Stem cells were found in dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone marrow. Because of their potential in medical therapy, stem cells were used to regenerate lost or damage teeth and periodontal structures. This article discusses the potential application of stem cells for dental field.
Stem Cell Therapy
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During development, stem cells generate all of the differentiated cells that populate our tissues and organs. Stem cells are also responsible for tissue turnover and repair in adults, and as such, they hold tremendous promise for regenerative therapy. Aging, however, impairs the function of stem cells and is thus a significant roadblock to using stem cells for therapy. Paradoxically, the patients who would benefit the most from regenerative therapies are usually advanced in age. The use of stem cells from young donors or the rejuvenation of aged patient-derived stem cells may represent part of a solution. Nonetheless, the transplantation success of young or rejuvenated stem cells in aged patients is still problematic, since stem cell function is greatly influenced by extrinsic factors that become unsupportive with age. This article briefly reviews how aging impairs stem cell function, and how this has an impact on the use of stem cells for therapy.
Stem Cell Therapy
Regenerative Medicine
Cell therapy
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Introduction : Stem cells are cell that can differentiate into any cells. Stem cells can be used
for therapy. Initially stem cells only used as therapy for diseases, in newest research, stem cells
also used as anti aging therapy.
Methods : Stem cell was taken from liposuction fat, processed with centrifugation, incubation,
and washed with collagenase to gain the stem cell. Stem cell given by intravenous injection for
anti aging therapy.
Result : 2 weeks after stem cell therapy, the face looks brightened, reduced wrinkles, better
skin texture, stamina improved, and improvement of hernia nucleus pulpous in three months.
Discussion : Stem cell therapy basically works in injury places. We used intravenous injection
delivery methods so the stem cell works all over the body to heal the injury places, including
degradated collagen caused by aging. Injection of stem cell significantly increased collagen
synthesis.
Conclusion: Stem cell can be used as anti aging therapy
Stem Cell Therapy
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Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem-cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells, as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, among others. Stem-cell therapy has become controversial following developments such as the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer and their use of techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells. This controversy is often related to abortion politics and to human cloning. Additionally, efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord blood have been controversial. Stem cells are being studied for a number of reasons. The molecules and exosomes released from stem cells are also being studied in an effort to make medications. In addition to the functions of the cells themselves, paracrine soluble factors produced by stem cells, known as the stem cell secretome, has been found to be another mechanism by which stem cell-based therapies mediate their effects in degenerative, auto-immune and inflammatory diseases.
Stem Cell Therapy
Induced stem cells
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Introduction : Stem cells are cell that can differentiate into any cells. Stem cells can be used
for therapy. Initially stem cells only used as therapy for diseases, in newest research, stem cells
also used as anti aging therapy.
Methods : Stem cell was taken from liposuction fat, processed with centrifugation, incubation,
and washed with collagenase to gain the stem cell. Stem cell given by intravenous injection for
anti aging therapy.
Result : 2 weeks after stem cell therapy, the face looks brightened, reduced wrinkles, better
skin texture, stamina improved, and improvement of the Melasma. Fat transfer with stem cell
therapy more available than usual technique
Discussion : Stem cell therapy basically works in injury places. We used intravenous injection
delivery methods so the stem cell works all over the body to heal the injury places, including
degradated collagen caused by aging. Injection of stem cell significantly increased collagen
synthesis and long life of fat transfer.
Conclusion: Stem cell can be used for aesthetic therapy
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Cell therapy
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Autologous stem cell-based therapy offers many advantages over other nonsurgical treatments of peripheral arterial disease. Transplant stem cells are a renewable source of multiple cytokines and growth factors. Autologous adult stem cells are not rejected and do not form teratomas. Early preliminary results indicate that adult stem cell therapy is safe and effective in patients with critical limb ischemia.
Stem Cell Therapy
Limb ischemia
Critical limb ischemia
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Background: Liver failure is a devastating clinical syndrome with a persistently mortality rate despite advanced care. Orthotopic liver transplantation protected patients from hepatic failure. Yet, limitations including postoperative complications, high costs, and shortages of donor organs defect its application. The development of stem cell therapy complements the deficiencies of liver transplantation, due to the inherent ability of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate. Objective: Understand the source of stem cells, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of stem cell therapy. Method: Based on published papers, we discussed the cell sources and therapeutic effect of stem cells. We also summarized the pros and cons, as well as optimization of stem cell-based treatment. Finally outlook future prospects of stem cell therapy. Results and Conclusion: Stem cells may be harvested from a variety of human tissues, and then used to promote the convalescence of hepatocellular function. The emergence of the co-cultured system, tissueengineered technology and genetic modfication has further enhanced the functionality of stem cells. However, the tumorigenicity, the low survival rate and the scarcity of long-term treatment effect are obstacles for the further development of stem cell therapy. In this review, we highlight current research findings and present the future prospects in the area of stem cell-based treatment for liver failure. Keywords: Liver failure, treatment, stem cell, differentiation, migration paths, stem cell therapy.
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Economic shortage
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Stem cell therapy provides exciting possibilities for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.The mechanisms behind the way in which stem cells improve cardiac function are still unclear.Yet,there are many methods to induce stem cells to express grafted cells.This article introduces current methods of using stem cells and the possible mechanisms for stem cells to treat myocardial infarction.
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Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. The use of stem cells to improve recovery of the injured heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is an important emerging therapeutic strategy. However, recent reviews of clinical trials of stem cell therapy for MI and ischemic heart disease recovery report that less than half of the trials found only small improvements in cardiac function. In clinical trials, bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood cells were used as the source of stem cells delivered by intracoronary infusion. Some trials administered only a stem cell mobilizing agent that recruits endogenous sources of stem cells. Important challenges to improve the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for CVD include: (1) improved identification, recruitment, and expansion of autologous stem cells; (2) identification of mobilizing and homing agents that increase recruitment; and (3) development of strategies to improve stem cell survival and engraftment of both endogenous and exogenous sources of stem cells. This review is an overview of stem cell therapy for CVD and discusses the challenges these three areas present for maximum optimization of the efficacy of stem cell therapy for heart disease, and new strategies in progress. Keywords: mobilization, expansion, homing, survival, engraftment
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Homing (biology)
Cell therapy
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