Huge Photostability Enhancement in Bismuth-Doped Methylammonium Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskites by Light-Induced Transformation
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The doping strategy of hybrid perovskites is being extensively explored not only for higher efficiency but also to overcome issues in photovoltaic materials such as self-degradation pathways in an ambient atmosphere or under visible irradiation. Here, BiI3 is introduced in the synthesis of MAPbI3 films (MA: CH3–NH3+) to stabilize the material. Around 25% of nominal Bi3+ is accommodated in the perovskite structure, producing a shrinking of the unit cell and a small increase of the band gap. The presence of empty Bi gap states quenches the 770 nm red interband emission and results in a near-infrared emission at 1100 nm. However, high enough visible irradiation density induces a progressive segregation of Bi3+ out of the perovskite lattice and promotes the re-emergence of the red emission. This emission is blue-shifted, and its intensity increases strongly with time until it reaches a saturation value which remains stable in the transformed films for extremely high power densities, around 1000 times higher than for undoped samples. We propose that the underlying processes include the formation of BiI3 and BiOI, probably at the surface of the crystals, hampering the usual decomposition pathways into PbI2 and PbOx for undoped MAPbI3. These results provide a new path for obtaining highly stable materials which would allow an additional boost of hybrid perovskite-based optoelectronics.Keywords:
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Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 thin films with various types of doping materials such as aluminum, fluorine and indium have been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of doping materials on the quality of thin films such as the energy band gap produced. The results showed that the higher the doping concentration, the more transparent the layer formed. In addition, the optical properties of thin films such as band gap energy are affected by the applied doping. The direct and indirect values of the largest band gap energy for the percentage of 95:5% are 3.62 eV and 3.92 eV are found in the SnO2: In thin layer. Meanwhile, the lowest direct and indirect values of band gap energy are in the thin layer of SnO2:(Al+F+In) for a percentage of 85:15%, namely 3.41 eV and 3.55 eV. The greater the amount of doping given, the smaller the bandgap energy produced. In addition, the more combinations of doping mixtures (aluminum, fluorine, and indium) given, the smaller the bandgap energy produced. This shows that the quality of a thin film of SnO2 produced is influenced by the amount of concentration and the type of doping used
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The methods of the X-ray analysis, IR- and KR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, the submicroscopies and chemical analysis are investigated conditions of precipitation synthesis inorganic insoluble bismuth-containing compounds for medicinal preparation by a carboxylic (or inorganic) acids (or salts) from bismuth-contained nitric solutions. The possibility of synthesis bismuth-containing compounds (e.g., bismuth nitrate, bismuth subnitrate, bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subgallate, bismuth subsallicylate, tartrate, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, bismuth tribromphenolate, bismuth citrate) for medicine from bismuth-contained nitric solutions is shown. The conditions of obtainable the data high cleanliness bismuth-containing compounds are defined.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to Bismuth Coordination Polymers Bismuth(III) Complexes with Monoaminopoly Carboxylate Bismuth(III) Complexes with Diaminopolycarboxylate Ligands Bismuth Complexes with Polyaminopolycarboxylate Ligands Applications Nano Bismuth(III) Coordination Polymers Conclusion
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The performance of perovskite solar cells is strongly influenced by the composition and microstructure of the perovskite. A recent approach to improve the power conversion efficiencies utilized mixed-halide perovskites, but the halide ions and their roles were not directly studied. Unraveling their precise location in the perovskite layer is of paramount importance. Here, we investigated four different perovskites by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and found that among the three studied mixed-halide perovskites, CH3 NH3 Pb(I0.74 Br0.26 )3 and CH3 NH3 PbBr3-x Clx show peaks that unambiguously demonstrate the presence of iodide and bromide in the former, and bromide and chloride in the latter. The CH3 NH3 PbI3-x Clx perovskite shows anomalous behavior, the iodide content far outweighs that of the chloride; a small proportion of chloride, in all likelihood, resides deep within the TiO2 /absorber layer. Our study reveals that there are many distinguishable structural differences between these perovskites, and that these directly impact the photovoltaic performances.
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Exploring novel three-dimensional (3D) perovskite photovoltaic materials with high performance and optimal bandgap is an attractive strategy for expanding the perovskite family and replacing the currently widely studied, unstable CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite materials. To achieve stable, 3D perovskite materials with excellent performance, five small organic cations (AM1, AM2, FM1, FM2, and DM) were introduced into the A-site of ABX3 perovskite. The geometric structure, thermodynamic stability, electronic properties, and carrier transport properties of these materials were investigated using first-principles calculations. Additionally, the bandgap tunability and structural stability of these materials under different pressures were studied. The research results indicate that the replacement of different organic cations can produce highly stable perovskite phases with suitable direct bandgaps and smaller effective electron and hole masses. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that FMPbI3-1, FMPbI3-2, and DMPbI3 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites exhibit excellent bandgap adjustability, and the optimal photovoltaic bandgap can be achieved through pressure tuning. Combined with large light absorption, small exciton binding energy, high carrier mobility, and high power conversion efficiency, these materials are expected to achieve unique photovoltaic device performance and applications.
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The physical and chemical properties of V-M″ and Nb-M″ (M″ is 3d or 4d transition metal) co-doped BaTiO3 were studied by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. Our calculation results show that V-M″ co-doping is more favorable than Nb-M″ co-doping in terms of narrowing the bandgap and increasing the visible-light absorption. In pure BaTiO3, the bandgap depends on the energy levels of the Ti 3d and O 2p states. The appropriate co-doping can effectively manipulate the bandgap by introducing new energy levels interacting with those of the pure BaTiO3. The optimal co-doping effect comes from the V-Cr co-doping system, which not only has smaller impurity formation energy, but also significantly reduces the bandgap. Detailed analysis of the density of states, band structure, and charge-density distribution in the doping systems demonstrates the synergistic effect induced by the V and Cr co-doping. The results can provide not only useful insights into the understanding of the bandgap engineering by element doping, but also beneficial guidance to the experimental study of BaTiO3 for visible-light photoelectrical applications.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Bismuth-Based Therapeutics Fundamental Aspects of Bismuth Chemistry and Methods of Characterization Hydroxycarboxylate Complexes of Bismuth Development of Bioactive Bismuth Compounds Interactions of Bismuth Compounds with Biological Molecules Concluding Remarks References
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Determination conditions ,disturbance and elimination methods,precipitation recovery and so on for simultaneous determination of bismuth and iron in the bismuth concentrates by the EDTA method were studied. In the presence of massive bismuth ,the simultaneous determination method of bismuth and iron in the bismuth concentrates was established. this method was good applicability,simple operation,high accuracy.
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