Secondary Metabolites from Cyanobacteria: A Potential Source for Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Management
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The nitrogenase activity could be detected in cyanobacteria only when there is a special or temporal separation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. We could induce the activity of nitrogenase in a few isolates of Oscillatoria, O. sancata is best in forming cyanobacterial biofilm with other heterocystous cyanobacteria. The activity of nitrogenase was detected when nitrate grown cells were starved for combined nitrogen for 1 to 15 days and grown in low light intensity of 6.022 x 1017 photons s−1 m−2. Therefore it appears that non-heterocystous cyanobacteria could very well participate in rice field N2 fixation. Perhaps it is necessary to have an indepth study of non-heterocystous forms to select ideal strains for use as biofertilizer mixed with heterocystous forms to make biofilm for higher nitrogen fixation in biofertilizer programme in wet land crops.
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Oscillatoria
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Paddy field
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Biofertilizers are fertilizers containing microorganisms that promote plant growth by improving the supply of nutrients to the host plant. The supply of nutrients is improved naturally by nitrogen fixation and solubilizing phosphorus. The living microorganisms in biofertilizers help in building organic matter in the soil and restoring the natural nutrient cycle. Biofertilizers can be grouped into Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-solubilizing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-mobilizing biofertilizers, Biofertilizers for micro nutrients and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. This study conducted in Kottayam district was intended to identify the awareness and acceptance of biofertilizers among the farmers of the area. Data have been collected from 120 farmers by direct interviews with structured questionnaire.
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Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
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Applications of biofertilizer products (BIOVAM - LIPI) is one activity biovillage program - LIPI to promote plant growth of jackfruit. The research shows that the application of biofertilizer BIOVAM significantly different at plant height and diameter compared to the control. Back to nature, to harness the potential of soil microbes as biofertilizer. The fact that happened people prefer to use chemical fertilizers. Because the effect of the use of biofertilizers slow even though the price of expensive chemical fertilizers. While the use of biofertilizers can preserve the environment and produce organic products are safe. Exploiting the potential of soil microbes as biofertilizer with simple technologies that easily made and applied by farmers. But this is also not an easy thing, to change the mindset of farmers in using biofertilizers BIOVAM. Farmers prefer chemical fertilizers because it feels better than the biofertilizer without any further consideration of the impact on the environment.Utilization of environmentally friendly biofertilizer is expected to compete with chemical fertilizers. The result is more secure or organic products. The purpose of the activity biovillage is to compare the use of biofertilizers BIOVAM with control (without biofertilizer), reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and produces healthy food. Jackfruit plant chosen was one of the models of tropical forest plants and plant jackfruit already widely known by the public. Jackfruit plants also have the potential in which the fruit and seeds of the plant are edible jackfruit, wood of the plant can be used, and so on. The results of the use of biofertilizers on crops jackfruit showed biofertilizer can be more to support jackfruit plant growth. Through the program biovillage, jackfruit plant seedlings will be given the first use of biofertilizers BIOVAM started from seed. Utilization of biofertilizers for forest plants can help in reforestation and forest development program undertaken by the municipality in dealing with geothermal. Expected from biovillage program with simple technologies that utilize the potential of microbes can be useful for creating environmentally friendly
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Abstract Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that are widespread in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments and many of them are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. But ironically, nitrogenase, the enzyme that is responsible for the reduction of N 2 , is extremely sensitive to O 2 . Therefore, oxygenic photosynthesis and N 2 fixation are not compatible. Hence, cyanobacteria had to evolve a variety of strategies circumventing this paradox allowing them to grow at the expense of N 2 , a ubiquitous source of nitrogen.
Carbon fixation
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Many, though not all, non-heterocystous cyanobacteria can fix N2. However, very few strains can fix N2 aerobically. Nevertheless, these organisms may make a substantial contribution to the global nitrogen cycle. In this general review, N2 fixation by laboratory cultures and natural populations of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria is considered. The properties and subcellular location of nitrogenase in these organisms is described, as is the response of N2 fixation to environmental factors such as fixed nitrogen, O2 and the pattern of illumination. The integration of N2 fixation with other aspects of cell metabolism (in particular photosynthesis) is also discussed. Similarities and differences between different individual strains of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria are highlighted.
Nitrogen Cycle
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Trichodesmium
Heterocyst
Molecular nitrogen
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Non-heterocystous nitrogen fixing strains of cyanobacteria were screened by their ability to grow in nitrogen deficient media. The selected nitrogen fixing cyanobacterial cells were then cultured in BG11 media supplemented with [15N]-labeled sodium nitrate. Under these growth conditions any organic [14N] found in the cyanobacterial cells would simply come from nitrogen fixation because [15N] was the only available source of nitrogen in the medium. Amino acids extracted after different time periods (after 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days of inoculation) were used for the determination of the 14N/15N ratio using GC-MS. Results from the present study support the conclusion that at stationary phase of growth cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation was no longer supplying a significant amount of nitrogen. This approach not only provided a detailed method for the evaluation of the nitrogen fixing potential of the cyanobacteria in culture, but also suggests novel approaches for the assessment of the ability of the strains to provide nitrogen enrichment to plants under co-cultivation conditions.
Sodium nitrate
Nitrogen deficiency
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Abstract The VP3 biofertilizer formulation begins with exploration of indigenous soil bacteria isolated from several soil samples in Malang-Indonesia. The VP3 Biofertilizer is a liquid formulation made from vermiwash and molasses as carriers, with 3 functional bacterial isolates. It has been proven to be able to increase the yield of mung beans, long yard beans, and green beans in the green house, however it has not been applied to soybean (Glycine max L.) in the field compared to other biofertilizers on the market. This study used soybean seeds of the Anjasmoro variety and consisted of 6 treatments (different types of biofertilizer) with a Randomized Block Design (RBD) namely VP3 biofertilizer, EM4 biofertilizer, Sumber Subur biofertilizer, Semanggi biofertilizer, and Magicgro G6 biofertilizer. This research was carried out in idle land. The application of VP3 biofertilizer when compared to other biofertilizers on the market generally gave better results on the parameters of growth and yield of soybeans in the field. This is indicated by the significant yield on leaf area per plant and yield of total seed weight per plot of soybean plant.
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Plant Physiology
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