Elimination of AB210 dye in residual textile water by glow-discharge plasma application
Josefina Vergara-SánchezCésar Torres SegundoEsteban Montiel PalaciosAarón Gómez DíazP. G. ReyesH. Martı́nez
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Owing to the global population growth and economic development in several developing countries, the availability of clean drinking water is a problem that has been growing in parallel with the continual increase in water consumption.Atmospheric nonthermal plasma discharge is inexpensive and safe in comparison of other toxic chemical methods of wastewater treatment.Here, the results of treating wastewater containing the Acid Black 210 (AB210) dye, at a concentration of 0.5 mM, are presented.In this process, Fe 2+ filings are used as a catalyst.The treatment was carried out by means of plasma generated at atmospheric pressure on the surface of water.The effectiveness of the degradation of AB210 was quantified at different treatment times, 0-180 min, obtaining a 99.9% removal rate of the dye.The experiments were performed at an initial volume of 250 mL, and the electrical conductivity, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined.The changes in the spectral range (200-1,100 nm) of the plasma during wastewater treatment were studied.Keywords:
Glow discharge
Textile
Abstract In order to further investigate the conditions and the coupling mechanisms for generating the hollow cathode effect (HCE) for the process optimization in the field of surface modification, the plasma distribution and density in single glow and double glow hollow cathode discharge (HCD) were explored by experiments and simulations based on the two-dimensional fluid model. Additionally, we investigated the effects of the key parameters on the plasma density, the electron temperature and the potential field during the HCD. The experimental and simulation results showed that the high plasma density is owing to the HCE in the hollow cathode. It is found that there is a critical pore diameter for generating HCE, which is approximately the sum of the thickness of the plasma sheath and four times the electron-neutral mean free path in the single glow discharge while twice thickness of the plasma sheath and four times the electron-neutral mean free path in the double glow discharge. The HCE in the double glow discharge can be observed when the ignition voltage that the source cathode voltage be 250 V greater than the workpiece cathode voltage can be met while the PD value is about 1.5 ∼ 3.8 Torr ⋅ mm. Consequently, we believe that our investigation on the plasma characteristics of hollow cathode in glow discharge will contribute to the development of the more optimal processing parameters for the application of the glow plasma discharge phenomena.
Glow discharge
Torr
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Textile
Degradation
Paper mill
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Summary form only given, as follows. An ion diffusing into metal by means of a double glow discharge is a new plasma surface metallurgic technique. In a vacuum chamber, the source pole and the cathode are put in parallel to each other. The wall of vacuum chamber is a common anode. The cross-interaction between the plasma of the cathode and the source pole is a kinetic process in dynamic equilibrium. The experimental results show that the distribution of plasma density (n/sub i/) in vacuum chamber is not uniform and the strong edge-effect exists in a double glow discharge. The cross-interaction mechanism of two plasmas in a double glow discharge is studied by experiment and theory.
Glow discharge
Vacuum chamber
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Carbon source
Textile industry
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Until the invention of synthetic dye “Perkin Mauve” (1856), people used natural sources likestem, bark, leaves of plants etc and for dyeing of clothes. In todays context people areconcerned about the harmful effect of using synthetic dyes and is going for natural dyesinstead. This is a result of the stringent environmental standards imposed by many countriesin a response to the toxic and allergic reactions associated with synthetic dyes. The textileindustry is an important economic activity with a 70% contribution to the Sri Lankaneconomy. Dyes are an important process requirement for which the country spends about 8.5mn US$ annually. Almost all dyes presently used for textile dyeing purposes are of syntheticorigin that are imported to the country.Some work on the application of tea on wool, silk jute and cotton are available in theliterature (Vankar P.S., 2006). Applications of tea extracts on wool using acetone as thedyeing medium are also reported in the literature. Recently an exhaustive review on thesubject of natural dyes in textile applications has been published by Taylor. In this work,natural tea was used to dye cotton fabrics. The colour of the tea leaves was extracted usingwater as extraction medium. The dyeing was carried out with the dye extracted from wastetea leaves. Washing fastness, light fastness etc, were compared for dyeing carried out usingthe pre-extracted dye. The effect of mordanting in such dyeing was also investigated andcompared.The present investigation was carried out to revive the old art of dyeing with a natural dyeobtained from tea leaves (Camelia sinensis). It belongs to the family Theaceaee, and iscommonly known as tea and is a crop plant in Sri Lanka. The dye has good scope in thecommercial dyeing of cotton in textile and garment industry. In the present study cottonfabrics were dyed with an aqueous extract of waste tea leaves (black), containing tannins asthe main colourant species. The dyeing was carried out without and with metal salts (Coppersulphate) and natural mordants such as Sepalika (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis), Aralu (Ailanthusexcelsa). Their fastness properties were investigated. The wash, rub and light fastness of thedyed fabrics were good to excellent. Aqueous extracts of tea yield brown shades with goodwash and light fastness on cotton fabrics. All the fastness properties can be further improvedby treatment with certain metal salts and bio materials as mordants. A range of attractivecolours were produced by the use of extracst of waste tea leaves.
Textile
Natural dye
Mordant
Textile industry
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Glow discharge
Cold cathode
Electric arc
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Background & Aims of the Study: There are three different types of fibers used in the manufacture of various textile products: cellulose fibers, protein fibers and synthetic fibers. Textile wastewater discharge into the environment leads to irreparable damages. The main purpose of this study was treatment of textile wastewater, using a combined coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) processes, Iran in 2016.
Textile
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The parameters of the plasma of a non-self-sustaining glow discharge generated inside a metal hollow cathode 300 mm long and 25 mm in inner diameter are investigated. A feature of this system is the additional injection of electrons from the auxiliary discharge plasma, formed by a plasma source with a combined heated and hollow cathode «PINK». The dependences and combustion modes of a non-self-sustaining glow discharge are presented and described at a pressure in the range (0.06 ÷ 1.4) Pa and a combustion voltage (70 ÷ 300) V. Studies of plasma parameters using double Langmuir probes have shown that this discharge system provides generation nitrogen plasma inside the hollow cathode with inhomogeneity from ± 12 to ± 63%.
Glow discharge
Langmuir Probe
Plasma cleaning
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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