Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)
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Abstract:
The eggs, larvae, and pupae (male and female) of three Japanese species of the Bibionidae, Plecia adiastola, P. membranifera, and P. hadrosoma, are described and illustrated, and ecological notes are included. Morphological characters of the immature stages of Plecia species are compared for the first time, and a diagnosis is presented. The taxonomic and phylogenetic importance of morphological characters, especially of the larval head and the arrangement of the larval and pupal body processes, is discussed.Abstract The larva and pupa of Notonesius aucklandicus Kuschel, living in saturated peat soil on the Auckland Islands, some 500 km south of New Zealand, are described and figured. The ‘rat-tail’ type of aquatic adaptation in the larva appears to be unique among Coleoptera, although an evolutionary progression towards it can be traced among Indian weevils.
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The adult of Uloma (Uloma) metogana Ren, 2004, an endemic species to the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China, is redescribed and illustrated. The male of this species is newly discovered, its larva and pupa are described and illustrated for the first time. Meanwhile, sequences of three gene fragments (COI, Cytb and 16S rDNA) are obtained for the larva, pupa and adult to further confirm their identity.
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Collections of pharate pupae, pupae, and pharate adults of the larva tentatively assigned to Oropsyche by G. B. Wiggins (Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera, University of Toronto Press, 1977) have revealed that these larvae are actually those of Homoplectra flinti Weaver. At present the immature stages and habitat of Oropsyche remain unknown. The larval retreat and pupa of H. flinti are described and figured.
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A general literature review and descriptions of the larva and the pupa of Glossosoma nigrior Banks are presented. A key to the species of Glossosoma larvae of eastern North America is also included.
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