Expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia is associated with disease progress and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
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Oral leukoplakia
Oral leukoplakia
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Objectives: To explore the clinical feature of oral leukoplakia in elderly patients. Methods: 56 aged patients with leukoplakia were observed and followed up. Results: Leukoplakia was found more common in male patients. Homogeneous leukoplakia, the most common type of leukoplakia, often occurred in buccal areas and can disappear after removing of stimulator. Conclusion: Most leukoplakia don't need special treatment. Leukoplakia in the edge of tongue has more chance of malignant transformation. Early prevention is suggested for the treatment of homogeneous leukoplakia and early surgical treatment is suggested for other leukoplakia, especially for leukoplakia in the edge of tongue.
Oral leukoplakia
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The purpose of this study was 1) to show the epidemiological status of oral leukoplakia in a selected population of 3, 131 Japanese (504 women, 2, 627 men, ranging from 18 to 63 and mean age of 35. 9 years old), and also 2) to estimate the validity of the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia by general practitioners.1) Seventy seven individuals were detected as having leukoplakia with the prevalence rate of 2.; 2. 7% and 1.0% for men and women, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).2) The percentage of smokers was 75. 3% for patients with leukoplakia and 47.8% for individuals detected as normal with a statistically significant difference between them (P<0.001). The age-adjusted relative risk (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio) for smokers who developed leukoplakia as compared with non-smokers in men was 3.74 with 95% confidence interval (2.14-6.55).3) Of 77 leukoplakia patients, 37 cases (48. 1%) received d. clinically confirmed diagnosis and 27 patients diagnosed by additional examinations as having leukoplakia. The low percentage of those who received additional examinations can be attributed to generally poor knowledge of oral precancerous lesions in Japan.
Oral leukoplakia
Premalignant lesion
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Aim: To compare the clinical and histopathological presentation of oral leukoplakia among different forms of tobacco users. Material and Methods: This study was carried out among 300 patients with oral leukoplakia, analyzing the corresponding clinical factors and histopathological findings, different forms of tobacco usage and assessing associations between the different clinical presentations and epithelial dysplasia. Results: Out of a total of 300 subjects, most (87.33%) of the subjects were males, among 138 tobacco chewers, maximum (60.87%) were having homogenous leukoplakia, among 85 tobacco smokers, maximum (61.18%) were seen with homogenous leukoplakia and among 77 subjects having mixed habit, maximum of 51.95% were diagnosed as having homogenous leukoplakia. The association between clinical type of leukoplakia and habit type was statistically not significant (Chi-square= 5.0806, p=0.5336). Majority of the cases which were diagnosed clinically diagnosed as leukoplakias presented a histological diagnosis of hyperkeratosis (45%) and mild epithelial dysplasia (33.33%). The association between histopathological type of leukoplakia and habit type was found to be statistically significant (Chi-square= 23.2166, p=0.0007). Conclusion: Most of the patients were having homogenous leukoplakia and majority of the cases which were diagnosed clinically diagnosed as leukoplakias presented a histological diagnosis of hyperkeratosis, mild epithelial dysplasia.
Oral leukoplakia
Epithelial dysplasia
Presentation (obstetrics)
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Abstract A survey of a special population, the outpatients of a Department of Oral Surgery of a Teaching Hospital in Amsterdam, revealed a comparatively low prevalence rate for oral leukoplakia of 14/1000 patients (1.4%). No difference was found in the age distribution compared with similar investigations elsewhere in the world. However, in contrast with previous findings, which show a significant difference between prevalences of leukoplakia for men and women, leukoplakia was equally distributed between both sexes.
Oral leukoplakia
Oral examination
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Oral leukoplakia
Primary (astronomy)
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In view of the many white or predominantly white lesions of the oral mucosa it is a challenge for dentists to clinically identify a leukoplakia, being a potentially (pre)malignant lesion.Based on the available literature and experience of the authors the parameters of a clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia have been studied.A guide has been presented that should help dentists to establish a clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia as accurate as possible.Probably in most parts of the world dentists will need the help of a specialist for confirmation or exclusion of the clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and for further management of the patient, including patient information.
Oral leukoplakia
Oral mucosa
Clinical Diagnosis
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BACKGROUND: It is well known that oral leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa. Although tobacco and alcohol are known to be major risk factors for oral leukoplakia worldwide, there are no data on risk factors for oral leukoplakia in our country. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between oral leukoplakia and smoking habit, with attention to the duration and quantity of smoking. METHODS: The study population consisted of 352 patients aged 40-70 years. Prior to the clinical examination, each subject answered a standardized questionnaire regarding tobacco-smoking habits. Oral leukoplakia was diagnosed and grouped according to internationally accepted criteria. Chisquare test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the entire sample, 279 were smokers and 73 non-smokers. Oral leukoplaka was found in 53 subjects and among them 50 were smokers and 3 were nonsmokers. All smokers had only used cigarettes. The relative risk of developing oral leukoplakia increased with duration of cigarette smoking habit. The majority of smokers with leukoplakia (74.0%) smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day compared to 34.5% of those without leukoplakia. The highest prevalence of leukoplakia (33.3%) was found in subjects who used cigarettes and alcohol. CONCLUSION: In view of these results, cigarette smoking is significantly related to the etiology of oral leukoplakia.
Oral leukoplakia
Etiology
Oral mucosa
Premalignant lesion
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The results of a clinicopathologic study of 165 oral leukoplakia cases followed up over a period of years are presented. The histologic changes were correlated with the clinical appearance and subsequent clinical course. A certain relationship between the clinical type of leukoplakia and its histologic changes could be established. The type of keratinization varied according to the clinical appearance; hyperorthokeratosis was found in the majority of leukoplakia simplex and verrucosa, and hyperparakeratosis was found in the leukoplakia erosiva cases. Comparing the results of histologic examination with the subsequent clinical course, the hyperparakeratotic group showed a more unfavorable proportion of healing than the hyperorthokeratotic leukoplakias.
Oral leukoplakia
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Oral leukoplakia
Premalignant lesion
Epithelial dysplasia
White (mutation)
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