Characteristics and Exploitation of Rare Earth, Rare Metal and Rare-Scattered Element Minerals in China
Denghong WangYan SunHongzhang DaiWeiming GuoZhi ZhaoTing ZhaoJiankang LiChenghui WangFan HuangYang YuDexian Li
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Mo Products(powders and blank)doped with rare earth were prepared using liquid-liquid doping technique.The effects of variety and concentration of rare earth dopants on structrures and properties of the Mo products have been investigated.The results showed the effects of changing variety and concentration of rare earth dopants on size and morphology of Mo-La-Y composite powders were not distinct.On the whole,the particle size of Mo blank base decreases with the increasing of rare earth dopant,the refining effect is more obvious in two rare earth elements than in a single element under the same doping concentration;the hardness of Mo blank can be improved when increasing the dopant of rare earth or adopting multi-doped with two rare earth elements.
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Sichuan Province is one of the most important provinces in China for light rare earth element(LREE) resources,where has been produced a large amount of rare earth concentrate in the past 20 years.Rare earth elements ΣREEs) and other useful elements in rare earth concentrates are very important for resource evaluation and enterprise survival.In this paper,geochemistry of rare earth elements(REEs) and trace elements in samples from the Jia,Yi and Bing REE deposits has been studied.The results show that the content of REEs and trace elements in rare earth concentrate samples are changed in different deposit,enterprise and different mineral dressing process.The lowest level of ΣREEs is from Jia(ΣREEs = 41.96%),the highest level is from Bing(ΣREEs =55.83%).ΣREEs of magnetic concentrate(ΣREEs = 49.96%) is higher than flotation concentrate(ΣREEs =41.57%),and ΣREEs from A Company(ΣREEs =48.35%) is higher than from B Company(ΣREEs = 42.92%).The REE distribution patterns of concentrate sample are inherited from rare earth ores while Tb and Yb are depleted,indicating that the mineral dressing process may lead to loss of these elements.REEs are enriched in concentrate sample,and Mo,Bi,Pb,Ga,Th,U,W are also enriched.Especially,Mo and Ga are in cut-off grade.These results indicate that it is necessary to increase REE grade of rare earth concentrate,and to take appropriate measures to reclaim higher concentration elements.
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In this paper, the effect of rare earth elements on the behavior of inclusions for low-alloy structural steel production was studied. The results showed that adding rare earth elements after different refining processes had a great impact on the results: (1) When adding rare earth elements after the LF furnace process, the alloy yield was low, and the rare earth inclusions was rare, the pure and coexisted inclusions of rare earth (La & Ce) were found; (2) While added after the RH furnace process, the alloy yield and the amount of rare earth inclusions increased greatly, but only coexisted inclusions of rare earth (La & Ce) were found. Furthermore, the precipitates of Nb and the contents of Al and Mg in the inclusions were also sharply reduced, which indicated that the rare earth element had obvious effect on the denaturation of the inclusions.
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Refining (metallurgy)
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A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
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Rare earths show good potential for improving performance on alloy surface. In order to make full use of the rare earth source in China and get enormous benefit, its essential to widen the applications of rare earth on chemical heat treatment. This paper briefly introduced the recent development of chemical heat treatment with rare earth addition, including single and multi- element infiltrated technology, and analyzed the rare earth compound抯 catalytical effects in the chemical heat treatment and their improving effects on alloy performances. Especially, It pointed out the main developing trend of rare earth chemical heat treatment.
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The Effect of rare earth additions (Ce or Y) on the wettability of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu/Al2O3 system is investigated by vaccum sessile drop method and casting processing in this paper. The results show that rare earth additions into Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy can decrease the contact angles effectively and improve interfacial structure with optimum rare earth content being about 0.5wt% for Ce and 0.7wt% for Y. The behaviour of Ce and Y is considered to be the results of interaction between rare earths and the oxide film of the Al alloys or/and α Al2O3 plaque. The rare earth compounds, Ce 2O 3, Al 11 Ce 3, etc, in the interface of Al alloys/Al2O3, have been identified. The suitable combination of rare earths and alloying elements (Mg, Zn, Cu) improves wettability muchmore remarkably than a single rare earth element.
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