Comparison of high-performance thin-layer with overpressured layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for tansy root
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Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to analyze an array of explosives including nitro-based explosives, peroxide explosives, and energetic heterocyclic compounds with different DART discharge gases (helium, argon, and nitrogen). Profound analyte oxidation was observed for particular compounds (TNT (9) and 2, 4-DNT (10)), whose mass spectra were completely dominated by the oxidation products when nitrogen was substituted for helium in DART analysis. This interesting phenomenon suggested that a highly oxidative environment provided by N2 DART ion source. A possible mechanism involved in nitrogen DART was proposed which may help further understanding the different chemistry involved in the ionization process. This work also presents a thermal desorption DART (TD-DART) configuration that can enable rapid, specific analysis of explosives from swipes. The screening of swipes with three different compositions (fiberglass, Hybond N+ membrane, and filter paper) showed that fiberglass swipe has the best performance which was then used for the subsequent TD-DART analysis. A direct comparison of TD-DART with traditional DART demonstrated that TD-DART indeed gives better response than traditional DART (provided that the distance between the DART source and mass spectrometer is the same) and will have wider applications than traditional DART.
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DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) is an innovative technology to analyze complex solid samples at atmospheric pressure and ground potential by simply placing them between a DART ion source and a mass spectrometer. The analytes are ionized by a gun of neutral metastable species. The first examples of the application of DART to the analysis of flavor and fragrance raw materials in real, complex applications are reported here. A remarkably high potential of the technique is demonstrated. DART was applied to semi-quantitative analyses of perfumery raw materials deposited on smelling strips. In optimal cases, limits of detection around 100 pg were achieved. DART also allowed the assessment of the deposition and release of fragrance on surfaces such as fabric and hair. Finally, DART permitted the screening of twelve chewing gum samples for the possible presence of taste-refreshing compounds in less than 30 min.
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We introduce applications of Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) ion source, used in open-air at ground potential under ambient conditions, coupled with time-of-flight or quadrupole mass spectrometer.DART was developed in 2005 as a new type of atmospheric pressure ion source. One of the most interesting features of DART is that researchers can access the place of ionizing point directly. It means we can observe real-time spectra of a sample at ground potential under ambient condition. In this paper, we will introduce the principles and features of DART ion source and some applications of DART mass spectrometry.
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The ion and neutral chemistry that occurs in the DART source, starting with the DART gas metastables, to the range of analyte ions produced, is examined, in order to be able to predict the outcome of analysis for a variety of compounds. Both positive and negative modes, and various DART gases (He, Ar, and N2) are discussed.
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