Catch me if you can: the influence of refuge / trap design, previous feeding experience, and semiochemical lures on vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) monitoring success
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Abstract:
Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most economically important pest species of berry and ornamental crops globally. Monitoring this nocturnal pest can be difficult and time consuming and the efficacy of current tools is uncertain. Without effective monitoring tools, implementation of integrated pest management strategies is challenging. This study tests the relative efficacy of a range of vine weevil monitoring tools. Whether host-plant volatiles and weevil feeding experience influence vine weevil capture is also tested.Monitoring tool efficacy differed overall between the six monitoring tool designs tested and ranged from catches of 0.4% to 26.7% under semi-field conditions. Previous feeding experience influenced vine weevil behavior. In yew conditioned populations, 39% of the weevils responded to and were retained in the trap baited with yew foliage while 37% of weevils from Euonymus fortunei conditioned populations responded to and were retained in the trap baited with E. forunei foliage. A simple synthetic lure consisting of (Z)-2-pentenol + methyl eugenol also increased vine weevil catches compared with an unbaited trap.Demonstrating differences in the efficacy of different monitoring tool designs is an important first step for developing improved methods for monitoring vine weevil populations within crops. This study presents the first direct comparison of vine weevil monitoring tool designs and indicates that trap efficacy can be improved by baiting with host-plant material or a synthetic lure based on host-plant volatiles. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.Keywords:
Vine
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During late July 2020, a species of weevil in the genus Aclees (Curculionidae, Molytinae) was found on several fig farms in the Haenam-gun district of Jeonnam Province, Korea. The weevil was subsequently identified as Aclees taiwanensis Kono, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an exotic species, probably of subtropical and tropical Asian origin, that has also been introduced to Italy and France, where it is associated with severe damage to fig trees. This is the first report of an Aclees weevil in Korea.
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Optimising Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Monitoring Tool Design
Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economically important insect pest of horticultural crops. To identify an effective and reliable monitoring system for adult vine weevil, this study investigated the influence of colour, height and entrance position on the efficacy of a model monitoring tool using modified paper cups as refuges. Vine weevil preferences were determined by the number of individuals recorded within a refuge. When provided with a binary choice between black or white refuges, vine weevil adults showed a preference for black refuges. Vine weevils provided with a range of coloured refuges (blue, green, red and yellow) in addition to black and white refuges showed a preference for black and blue over the other colours and white refuges in group choice experiments. Refuge height and entrance position also influenced vine weevil behaviour with individuals exhibiting a preference for taller refuges and those with entrance openings around the refuge base. These results provide insights into refuge selection by adult vine weevils, which can be exploited to improve monitoring tool design. The importance of developing an effective monitoring tool for vine weevil adults as part of an integrated pest management programme is discussed.
Vine
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Three ages of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) eggs were exposed to repeated exposures of -15 and -20°C. Fresh-laid eggs were quite susceptible and 3- and 5day old eggs were relatively resistant to -15'C, but all ages of eggs showed considerable susceptibility to -20°C, with an average LT50 of 2.2 days. Comparison of this data with similar studies utilizing constant low temperature exposures showed the effect to be independent of temporal interruptions.
Hypera postica
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During ecological investigations of the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan, in central Wisconsin sand plains, a weevil of similar appearance, but of different habits, was encountered. This weevil was identified tentatively as H. radicis with the available keys (Buchanan, 1934 and Finnegan, 1961), and in general fits the original morphological description of that species. However, differences in biological habits and morphology suggested that an undescribed species was involved (Millers, 1960 and Millers and Benjamin, 1961), and the taxonomic separation and description of the new species follows:
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The swimming behavior of the rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is unique in comparison to that of most other aquatic weevils. Propulsion during swimming is provided only by the mesothoracic legs. The legs are moved synchronously during protraction and retraction. The pro- and metathoracic legs serve as diving planes and provide stability. The average rice water weevil swimming speed was 1.53 (0.15 SE) cm per s with a range of 0.88 to 2.52 cm per s. Weevils averaged 5.67 (0.22 SE) strokes per s. The mode of swimming by L. oryzophilus differs from those described for Phytobious leucogaster (Marsham) (= Litodactylus leucogaster), P. comari (Herbst), Bagous cavifrons LeConte, B. americanus LeConte and B. limosus Gyllenhal. It also differs from descriptions of swimming for other aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Furthermore, L. oryzophilus swims below the surface and was observed at depths of 18.0 cm in the laboratory. This brings the modes of free swimming (exclusive of skating) to at least 3 by adult aquatic curculionids.
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