THREE ABERRANT SPLICING VARIANTS OF THE HMGIC GENE TRANSCRIBED IN UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS
Kouichi KuroseYuzo YoshidaT MatsuhashiMichiya YamaguchiKyoko OkinoArimi IshikawaDaisuke DoiKihei YoneyamaHideyuki KonishiM. EmiToshiyuki Takeshita
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Uterine Leiomyoma
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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P1225 Aims: We have previously, in a syngeneic mouse model, demonstrated that the transplanted uterus has the capacity of harbouring pregnancies to term and deliver offsprings, which will develop into normal adults. The aim of the present study was to characterize the development of rejection in an allogeneic mouse uterus transplantation model. Methods: Uterus of BalbC mice was surgically removed and transplanted into a heterotopic position by vascular anastomosis to C57BL/6 recipients, which had their native uterus preserved. The tissue blood flow measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry, gross morphology and histology by light microscopy of the grafted uterus were examined and compared to the native uterus on postoperative day (POD) 2 (n=3), 5 (n=5), 10 (n=4), 15 (n=4) and 28 (n=3). Results: The blood flow in the transplanted uterus was reduced already on POD 2 compared to the native uterus and a progressive decrease in blood flow was seen over time. Macroscopic examination of the transplanted uteri on POD 2 demonstrated normal uterine size and colour, but after 5 days a slight oedema was seen. On POD 10 and 15 the grafts of most animals were oedematous and showed signs of necrosis. Two weeks later the transplanted uteri were totally necrotic. On POD 2 only slight inflammatory changes were seen, but three days later a marked increase in the number of inflammatory cells were observed. On POD 10 and 15 the grafts were heavily inflamed throughout the uterine wall and numerous lymphocytes were present in the glandular epithelium. Focal apoptosis was seen but no necrosis was evident. The blood vessels were congested and endarteritis was seen. Finally, by POD 28 no viable parenchyma was left in the grafts. Conclusions: The rejection pattern in this model of mouse uterus transplantation is similar to other transplanted solid organs. Progressive deterioration in microcirculation, a gradual increase in inflammatory cells and glandular inflammation culminated in fully established rejection by the end of the second week posttransplant. This model will be used for further studies of suitable immunosuppression in uterine transplantation.
Histology
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Uterine Leiomyoma
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Manaka had been recording contractions of rabbit's uterus by making a canal on the abdominal wall. While she kept away from the experiment for several weeks the entrance of the uterus had been closed. So she opened the abdominal wall and observed the uterus, and found that the uterus was greatly enlarged like a pregnant one, assunablly due to the increase of inner pressure by stay of secreation. This induced us to the present experiment.To enlarge the non-pregnant uterus, the abdominal wall was opened and the vagina was cut off at a distance about 1.5cm from the portio uteri, and uterus canals were formed on the abdominal wall. Several laminaria halls (diameter : ca. 0.5cm) were put into the uterus on one side, then the canal was closed temporarily. Several days after, more balls (5-6) were put into the uterus, and it was removed from the rabbit on the 14-15th day of the first treatment. The uterus was greatly enlarged like a pregnant one, but the other uterus, in which no laminaria ball was put in, showed almost the same dimension as before.The histrogical examination of the tissues of the enlarged uterus showed that the muscle fibers were in somewhat stretched state, a little grown and passively extended, while in the pregnant uterus the muscle fibers were in actively extended and grown state. Except these few points, there were in actively extended and grown state. Except these few points, there was no fundamental difference beteween the tissues of uteri pregnant and artificially distended.From these results, it is assumed that the growth of the items in the prgnancy occurs merely due to the growth of the foetus, regardless of the hoi mortal conditions.
Cervical canal
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Homology
R gene
Conserved sequence
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There is growing evidence that synonymous codon variants (SCVs) can cause disease through the disruption of different processes of protein production. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the 14 SCVs reported in the F9 variant database were the pathogenic causes of hemophilia B. The impacts of SCVs on splicing and protein expression were detected using a combination of in silico prediction, in vitro minigene splicing assay and cell expression detection. The splicing transcripts were identified and quantified by co-amplification fluorescent PCR. The mechanism of splicing was verified by a modified pU1snRNA and pU7snRNA approach. Aberrant splicing patterns were found in eight SCVs. Five of the 8 SCVs produced almost all aberrant splicing isoforms, which were expected to truncate protein, three of them presented a partial defect on both splicing and protein secretion, the overall effects were consistent with the residual Factor IX activity of the affected cases. Neither the pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing process nor the protein function was impaired in the rest six SCVs. In conclusion, our study firstly revealed the pathogenic mechanism of the 14 F9 SCVs and highlighted the importance of performing mRNA splicing analysis and protein expression studies of SCVs in inherited disorders.
Minigene
Splicing factor
Exonic splicing enhancer
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Recursive splicing (RS) is an evolutionarily conserved process of removing long introns via multiple steps of splicing. It was first discovered in Drosophila and recently proven to occur also in humans. The detailed mechanism of recursive splicing is not well understood, in particular, whether it is kinetically coupled with transcription. To investigate the dynamic process that underlies recursive splicing, we systematically characterized 342 RS sites in three human cell types using published time-series data that monitored synchronized Pol II elongation and nascent RNA production with 4-thiouridine labeling. We found that half of the RS events occurred post-transcriptionally with long delays. For at least 18–47% RS introns, we detected RS junction reads only after detecting canonical splicing junction reads, supporting the notion that these introns were removed by both recursive splicing and canonical splicing. Furthermore, the choice of which splicing mechanism was used showed cell type specificity. Our results suggest that recursive splicing supplements, rather than replaces, canonical splicing for removing long introns.
Exonic splicing enhancer
Splicing factor
Group II intron
SR protein
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Uterus-like masses, such as cavities lined by endometrium-type mucosa surrounded by bundles of smooth muscle cells, may strikingly resemble the uterus. In this report, we describe a case of a uterus-like mass of the uterus in a 35-year-old woman.
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To study the contracting uterus effect of Herba Leonuri, establish the standard uterus models, and optimize the environment conditions which could influence Herba Leonuri actions on uterus.By comparing the contracting uterus effect of Herba Leonuri in mice, rats and rabbits, the standard uterus models was established. The optimum extra conditions of uterus were selected by orthogonal design methods.The isolated rat uterus pre-oestrus was selected for the standard uterus, the optimum uterus environment conditions as follows: the pre-burden of uterus was 1.0 g, the temperature of uterus nutrition solution is 32 degrees C, the assay of CaCl2 and NaHCO3 per 1000 ml nutrition solution was respectively 0.06 g and 0.25 g.Under the selected conditions, the contracting uterus effect of Herba Leonuri were more obvious and the errors of bioassay were less smaller.
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The treatment methods on eight patients who were treated in this hospi tal for uterine submucus leiomyoma with uterine invertion from May 1974 to Octo ber 1994 were analysed. The results showed that the leiomyoma and inversus uterus were removed by stages to be suitable. Anterior early myomectomy by the vaginal route was effective in easing condition quickly and improving spontaneous replacement of the uterus. The uterus having reduced, if leiomyoma was single and no malignant change, should be conserved whether the patient had the want of childbearing or not and their age. When uterus had to be removed, it was suitable that uterine replacement and hysterectomy were complited by the abdominal route.
Uterine Leiomyoma
Abdominal hysterectomy
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