Analysis of the efficiency of higher education systems
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The aim of the higher education reform process both in Hungary and in the European countries is establishing a competitive, qualitative higher education. The Education Minister of our country regularly emphasizes in his statements that the quantitative changes of he past 15 years are completed, from now the emphasis must be on quality :„a degree in itself is not sufficient, the actual knowledge behind is necessary”. To achievethis aim, the government carried out several changes in the field of higher education in the past years, one of them was implementing a budget support system in accordance with the performance of the institutions. The objective of the three year long support agreement between the state and the higher education institutions is considering quality parameters and outputs beside and instead of normative (input-based) support. The other occurent and debated issue is the introduction of tuition fees. Although this plan was rejected by the national referendum on 9th March, 2008, some weeks ago an amendment bill was passed, which would mean bringing tuition fees back in the system.In my paper I am examining whether the efficiency of higher education systems are influenced by the extent of the contribution of the state and the private sector to their expenses. Furthermore I’d like to find the answer to the following question: Does it matter what principles and mechanisms play role by the distribution of the state support between the institutions of higher education.Keywords:
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This paper examines the recent Swiss referendum on say-on-pay. The referendum was put to popular vote in March of 2013, and the Swiss citizens passed the referendum with a clear majority. This paper will explain each of the provisions of the referendum. It will then explain pros and cons of the referendum, and then further evaluate the provisions. Finally, a brief commentary will be made regarding its implication and potential application in the world’s financial centers.
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The rejection of constitutional reform in the 4 December 2016 referendum resulted in the resignation of Matteo Renzi. Numerous potential explanations could be offered for this result, reflecting political discontent, dissatisfaction with the governing coalition or disagreement with the specific referendum proposals. An analysis of the referendum results can thus serve to identify which of these aspects led to the ultimate rejection of the proposed constitutional changes and the incumbent prime minister. Secondary analysis of Italian Election Study (Itanes) data investigates the impact that interest in the referendum had on these factors. Results indicate that assessments of incumbent performance and referendum-specific factors had a stronger effect than political dissatisfaction. The evidence also suggests that assessments of incumbent performance and referendum-specific factors had even stronger effects among those particularly interested in the referendum.
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Local consultative referendums are a widely used democratic innovation. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge about the local effects following a referendum, especially in terms of how the public reactions varies given if a citizen has been on the winning or on the losing side of the referendum. The purpose with this study is therefore to add to this line of research by assessing how a local referendum about a municipal merger affects external political efficacy and political trust within a local community. By analysing two cross-sectional datasets collected in a bilingual Finnish municipality before a merger referendum, in 2018 (N = 6,686), and after the referendum, in 2020 (N = 3,133), as a pseudo-experiment of effects of a municipal merger, we show that the aggregated levels of external political efficacy and political trust have increased and vary based on being on the winning or losing side of the referendum.
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Origin of referendum discussion in the Convention. The national debate on referenda. The crucial role of the liberal party. Referendum bill private members initiative. Referendum Act an ad hoc consultative referendum. Referendum the first opportunity for a broad political debate on the EU. Complacency and disorganised arguments of the ‘yes’ campaign. First analyses of referendum.
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SUMMARY This article discusses the history of the initiative and referendum processes in Maine, including the steps needed to get an initiative or referendum on the State ballot. Part II of this paper discusses the early history of the initiative and referendum processes in Maine. Part III discusses recent use of initiatives in Maine. Part IV discusses the basics of the initiative and referendum processes in Maine, including a discussion of the differences between the People's Veto and a referendum, both used in Maine as mechanisms for the people to vote on whether a particular piece of legislation should take effect. Part V provides a detailed bibliography of research materials on the Maine initiative and referendum processes.
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This article presents a discussion on the role of the referendum in Africa with a case study of Ghana. It reveals the importance of referendum and the types of referendum as experienced in many countries with concentration on Ghana. It has concluded that referendum is important as allows majority stance to be assimilated as a decision as opposed to few who make decisions in most decision making organs. It expresses a true will of the people, and reveal aspirations and ambitious of the communities. On the other side it does away with decisions that are of the few yet termed of the majority. It is however, worthy and of merit when these referenda are used on only important concerns of the nation and for the nation.
Key words: Referendum, decision making.
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This paper examines the recent Swiss referendum on say-on-pay. The referendum was put to popular vote in March of 2013, and the Swiss citizens passed the referendum with a clear majority. This paper will explain each of the provisions of the referendum. It will then explain pros and cons of the referendum, and then further evaluate the provisions. Finally, a brief commentary will be made regarding its implication and potential application in the world’s financial centers.
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This article is focused on studying the preparation and conduct of the referendum of «the Constitution for Europe» in France. Particular attention is paid to analysis of the evolution of the attitude of the French electorate toward the idea of a “referendum” and a “Constitution for Europe” from the moment the president’s announcement about his intention to hold a referendum, and its results that led to the rejection of «the Constitution». Besides, the internal factors that contributed to the negative outcome of the referendum are discussed.
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