SAT-134 Sulfotransferase (Sult) 1a1 plays a toxico-pathological role in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) through metabolic generation of indoxyl sulfate (IS)
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Abstract:
Cisplatin-induced AKI is caused by several toxicological and pathological mechanisms, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, DNA damages and apoptosis in renal tubules. Among low-molecular weight uremic solutes, indoxyl sulfate (IS), a representative sulfate-conjugated uremic toxin, accumulates markedly in serum and most tissues of animal models with cisplatin-induced AKI. IS is exclusively produced in the liver through detoxification pathway mediated by metabolizing enzymes, including CYP2A6/2E1 and Sult1a1.Keywords:
Sulfotransferase
Detoxification
Sulfotransferase
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Breast carcinoma
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In this study, 20 subjects who had home detoxification with supervision and support from the Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority Community Nursing Service were matched with 20 subjects who had inpatient detoxification in the Authority's detoxification facility. Subjects were interviewed between nine and 22 months (mean 15.5 months) after detoxification to compare client outcomes and the costs of home and inpatient detoxification. The results indicate that, for suitable clients, home detoxification was at least as beneficial as inpatient detoxification and that it was achieved at a much lower cost than inpatient care.
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Based on the present status of chromium containing slag′s detoxification,the detoxification mechanisms,specifications and the feasibility of the methods,including chemical detoxification,detoxification by microwave radiating and biological detoxification,are introduced and compared.Finally the prospect of the technology on detoxification of the chromium containing slag is also proposed.
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This study imposed a set of decision rules to review and compare methadone maintenance detoxification research results in three 5-year eras since 1970. Variables of interest were detoxification completion rates, relative completion rates with and without program review and approval, psychotherapy, new pharmacological agents to accelerate the detoxification process, and abstinence rates at follow-up as a function of such treatment variables. The review found progressive improvement in overall detoxification completion rates over the three 5-year eras: 39.7%, 54.9%, and 76.3%. Program-recommended detoxification showed much higher completion rates than did unrecommended detoxification in 1970-1975 and psychotherapy-assisted detoxification showed modest but consistently greater completion rates in the two eras during which it was studied, 1970-1975 and 1976-1980. The consistent gains in detoxification completion rates over the three eras are attributed primarily to the use of new drugs which greatly shorten the detoxification interval and ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. The drugs do not appear to have had an effect on follow-up abstinence rates. Limitations upon the conclusions and generalizability of findings are discussed. Suggestions are made for future methadone maintenance detoxification treatment and research.
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A new detoxification method for GHB dependence was developed recently in the Netherlands. The method involves the use of pharmaceutical GHB.To describe the characteristics of GHB dependent inpatients, the course of the detoxification process and patients' progress in the three months following inpatient detoxification.229 GHB dependent patients were monitored during and after inpatient detoxification. Records were kept of the psychiatric symptoms, withdrawal symptoms and relapses.The average age of the patients was 29 years; 69% of the patients were male. They reported severe symptoms of co-occurring depression and anxiety. Detoxification was successful in 86% of the patients and, on a whole, the procedure ran smoothly, without complications. However, within three months following detoxification two-thirds of the patients had relapsed and were again taking GHB.Pharmaceutical GHB can be used as an alternative to the benzodiazepine method for detoxifying patients with GHB dependence. However, the high relapse rates following detoxification are of great concern.
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Sulfotransferase
Hydroxysteroid
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A study comparing abrupt and gradual opiate detoxification which identified the efficacy by means of computer-assisted pupilometry and rating of withdrawal distress is presented. This paper concentrates on the efficacies of these two detoxification modes with regard to the identical results after successful opiate detoxification treatment. The findings of the present investigation support the hypothesis that withdrawal distress returns to a normal level after rapid naloxone withdrawal treatment within 6 days. Similar results can be seen for inpatient methadone withdrawal after 3 weeks of treatment. These results indicate that by rapid detoxification therapy, the time of withdrawal can be effectively shortened. Considering the low dropout rate and the high degree of acceptance during rapid detoxification, the rapid detoxification regimen is an effective and economic alternative to gradual withdrawal treatments.
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