Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Digital Transformation of Crop Production of the Pskov Region
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Abstract:
The article deals with the essence and advantages of digitalization – the introduction of digital computer technologies and information presented in digital form into production activities. The cost of economy digitalization and its individual industries is estimated. It is concluded that the decision on digitalization should be justified, supported by the necessary calculations. The article states that the use of computer technologies by Russian agrarians in production processes is the exception rather than the rule. The capacity of crop production as a long-term process, variable in terms of technological effectiveness, structure of operations and costs, for the introduction of advanced information technologies, is estimated. The article presents a description of the place of agriculture in the economy of the Pskov region, the characteristics of the main indicators of crop production. It is concluded that the growth of the gross output of the main types of agricultural products in crop production was largely due to a significant increase in yield index, but the acreage and provision of agricultural machinery in the region continue to decline. The study revealed that the power supply per production unit of agricultural producers combined with the level of digitalization reduce the size and change the structure of production costs. In addition, an assessment of the effect of the introduction of information technology in the chain of formation of the costs of crop production is given. The article describes the sequence of evaluation of the return on investment costs for digitalization of crop production in the Pskov region. The rate of payback due to savings in production costs is estimated at 5 years.Keywords:
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This report summarizes the 2016 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2016 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 2.83 percent from 2015 to 2016 based on the value of production. Cropland value increased 3.14 percent, and non-cropland value increased by 2.55 percent. The formula capitalization rate was 4.82 percent. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was primarily due to increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than for prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 2.69 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 5.53 percent. The value of production increased cropland valuation between 3.55 percent up to 13.42 percent across individual counties. Non-cropland values increased by 2.55 percent, all due to an increase in the price received for calves and cull cows. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
Industrial production index
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This report summarizes the 2019 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2019 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 2.72 percent from 2018 to 2019 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2019 analysis was 209.56. The formula capitalization rate was 4.51 percent. The capitalization rate had a larger effect on higher valuations compared to recent years. Cropland value increased, on average, 2.64 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 4.29 percent to an increase of 6.99 percent. County values had small increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 5.52 percent. Generally, valuations for counties with a higher percentage of livestock increased partly due to increased calf prices for the current year replacing the lower oldest year in the data set. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Prices survey conducted by the North Dakota Department of Trust Lands.
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This report summarizes the 2011 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2011 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 5.4 percent from 2010 to 2011 based on the value of production. The value of cropland increased by 6.0 percent, and non-cropland value decreased by 0.40 percent. The formula capitalization rate was below the minimum set by the State Legislature, therefore the minimum rate of 7.4 percent was used. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was due to the increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The change in crop revenue impacted land values from a negative 0.52 percent in Pembina County to an increase of 13.12 percent in Hettinger County. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 4.05 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 5.72 percent. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2016 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2016 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 2.83 percent from 2015 to 2016 based on the value of production. Cropland value increased 3.14 percent, and non-cropland value increased by 2.55 percent. The formula capitalization rate was 4.82 percent. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was primarily due to increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than for prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 2.69 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 5.53 percent. The value of production increased cropland valuation between 3.55 percent up to 13.42 percent across individual counties. Non-cropland values increased by 2.55 percent, all due to an increase in the price received for calves and cull cows. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2017 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2017 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 0.81 percent from 2016 to 2017 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2017 analysis was 197.18. The formula capitalization rate was 4.78 percent. Cropland value increased, on average, 0.74 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 2.06 percent to an increase of 4.54 percent. County values had small increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 1.57 percent. This was due to the price received for calves and cull cows. Generally, counties with more livestock increased, while counties with more cropland decreased. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2018 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2018 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each countyâs total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 3.26 percent from 2017 to 2018 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2018 analysis was 204.41. The formula capitalization rate was 4.67 percent. Cropland value increased, on average, 2.89 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 0.82 percent to an increase of 6.92 percent. County values had small increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 0.29 percent. This was due to the price received for calves and cull cows. Generally, counties with more livestock increased, while counties with more cropland decreased. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2015 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2015 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 7.22 percent from 2014 to 2015 based on the value of production. Cropland value increased 7.69 percent, and non-cropland value increased by 4.1 percent. The formula capitalization rate was 4.95 percent. The legislation setting a minimum capitalization rate expired after the 2011 tax year. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was primarily due to increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 4.85 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 6.17 percent. The value of production increased cropland valuation between 4.48 percent up to 16.33 percent across individual counties. Non-cropland values increased by 4.1 percent, all due to an increase in the price received for calves and cull cows. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2011 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2011 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 5.4 percent from 2010 to 2011 based on the value of production. The value of cropland increased by 6.0 percent, and non-cropland value decreased by 0.40 percent. The formula capitalization rate was below the minimum set by the State Legislature, therefore the minimum rate of 7.4 percent was used. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was due to the increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The change in crop revenue impacted land values from a negative 0.52 percent in Pembina County to an increase of 13.12 percent in Hettinger County. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 4.05 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 5.72 percent. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2015 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2015 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 7.22 percent from 2014 to 2015 based on the value of production. Cropland value increased 7.69 percent, and non-cropland value increased by 4.1 percent. The formula capitalization rate was 4.95 percent. The legislation setting a minimum capitalization rate expired after the 2011 tax year. The increase in the values for cropland and all agricultural land was primarily due to increased value of crop production. The value of production for most counties has been considerably higher since 2007 than prior years. This increase in value of production is a combination of increased yields, higher prices and a change in cropping mix. The capitalization rate change increased land valuations by 4.85 percent in all counties; while the cost of production index decreased land values in all counties by 6.17 percent. The value of production increased cropland valuation between 4.48 percent up to 16.33 percent across individual counties. Non-cropland values increased by 4.1 percent, all due to an increase in the price received for calves and cull cows. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
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This report summarizes the 2020 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2020 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each countyâs total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 3.04 percent from 2019 to 2020 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2020 analysis was 214.46. The formula capitalization rate was 4.36 percent. The capitalization rate had a larger effect on higher valuations compared to recent years. Cropland value increased, on average, 3.34 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 1.04 percent to an increase of 10,23 percent. County values had increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 5.37 percent. Generally, valuations for counties with a higher percentage of livestock increased partly due higher returns for the newest year entering the data set as compared to the oldest year of the data set that was replaced. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Prices survey conducted by the North Dakota Department of Trust Lands.
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