Senescence of T-Cells Increases with Fibrosis Progression in Chronic Viral Hepatitis
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Chronic viral hepatitis is linked to fibrotic liver injury that can progress to liver cirrhosis with its associated complications. Recent evidence suggests a role of senescence in liver fibrosis, although the senescence regulators contributing to fibrosis progression remain unclear. We therefore investigated the role of senescence for fibrosis progression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. We found a remarkable up-regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p21, p27 and p16 and the senescence markers p-HP1γ and γ-H2AX in liver tissues from patients with chronic viral hepatitis compared to healthy liver tissues. Liver tissues with relevant fibrosis stages (F2 – 3) or cirrhosis (F4) revealed a significant increase of senescent cells compared to livers with no or minimal fibrosis (F0 – 1). In cirrhotic livers, a significantly higher number of p-HP1γ, p21 and p27 positive cells was detected compared to liver tissues with F2 – 3 fibrosis. Importantly, we identified T-cells as the dominant cell type contributing to increased senescence during fibrosis progression. Compared to healthy individuals, senescence-associated chitotriosidase activity was significantly elevated in sera from patients with chronic viral hepatitis and correlated with histological fibrosis stages and liver stiffness as assessed by transient elastography.Keywords:
Senescence
Transient elastography
Viral Hepatitis
Background and aims Non-invasive assessment of fibrosis and steatosis is widely used. Especially vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) has been evaluated in many histology-controlled studies. International guidelines recommend the M probe for leaner and the XL probe for obese patients. The probe choice is based on the patient’s anthropometry and can be made either user-dependent or based on an automated probe selection tool (AUTO). The a
Transient elastography
Steatosis
Transient (computer programming)
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This chapter presents the principles of transient elastography. It focuses on Fibroscan device and the clinical review of its applications to liver diseases. The chapter discusses the applications of transient elastography. Transient elastography yielded the development of an average stiffness measurement method referred as 1D transient elastography. The technique relies on a single element ultrasound transducer and a mechanical actuator. 1D transient elastography was successfully applied to in vivo measurement of liver stiffness. Several probes are being used with FibroScan depending on the patient morphology. Liver stiffness measurement has been shown to have utility beyond the assessment of liver fibrosis stage. Esophageal varices (EV) represent one of the most severe complications of cirrhosis. The performances of spleen stiffness measurement were assessed with a modified FibroScan in order to detect the presence of significant EV in cirrhotic patients.
Transient elastography
Hepatic fibrosis
Transient (computer programming)
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Fatty liver disease is a clinicopathologic spectrum that encompasses simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Transient elastography has evolved as an accurate technique and noninvasive tool for assessing hepatic fibrosis in clinical practice.1 The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score has been added to elastography, which computes ultrasound attenuation related to hepatic steatosis and improves the measurement of hepatic steatosis.1,2 Given the unmet need to reckon the current burden of disease, it is essential to estimate the recent prevalence of fatty liver disease and fibrosis assessed by transient elastography in the United States. We investigated the sex-, race/ethnicity-, and body mass index-based prevalence of fatty liver disease and hepatic fibrosis by CAP-enhanced transient elastography in the United States.
Transient elastography
Steatosis
Steatohepatitis
Liver disease
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Transient elastography
Transient (computer programming)
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Data on the predictive capability of cirrhosis through transient elastography (TE) in Wilsons disease (WD) is scarce. Furthermore there is no data regarding its value to monitor therapy. Aim was therefore to assess whether TE is a suitable tool to identify cirrhosis in patients (i) newly diagnosed and (i) under treatment for WD.
Transient elastography
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Transient elastography
Liver disease
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Since the introduction of Transient Elastography (TE) into Australia in 2008, non-invasive liver fibrosis assessments have integrated themselves into clinical hepatology. The Australian Liver Association (ALA) recognizes these technologies perform an important role in the assessment of chronic viral hepatitis B and C. However, in the setting of viral hepatitis and many other chronic liver diseases, there remains no consensus or guidelines regarding the performance, utility or reporting of TE. Accordingly, the ALA sought to produce an expert consensus statement for the use of TE in chronic viral hepatitis. The recommendations incorporated in this document are based upon a thorough literature review and draw on extensive clinical experience using TE. The initial draft was presented at Australian Gastroenterology Week (AGW) 2013. Through a collaborative process and expert external review a finalized document was presented at AGW 2014.
Transient elastography
Viral Hepatitis
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Background: Measurement of liver stiffness (LS) by transient elastography [TE/Fibroscan] is limited in patients with obesity and ascites. We here test and compare the recently developed more powerful XL probe versus the conventional M probe in obese and non-obese patients.
Transient elastography
Transient (computer programming)
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Aims: Measurement of liver stiffness (LS) by vibration-controlled transient elastography [VCTE/Fibroscan] is limited in patients with obesity and ascites. We here test and compare the recently developed more powerful XL probe versus the conventional M probe.
Transient elastography
Transient (computer programming)
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Transient elastography by FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) is a non-invasive method that can provide a reliable measurement of liver fibrosis through the evaluation of liver stiffness. Despite its limitations and risks, liver biopsy has thus far been the only procedure able to provide data to quantify fibrosis. Scientific evidence and clinical practice have made it possible to use FibroScan® in the diagnostic work-up of several liver diseases to monitor patients’ long-term treatment response and for complication prevention. For these reasons, this procedure is widely used in clinical practice and is still being investigated for further applications. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the main applications of transient elastography in the current clinical practice.
Transient elastography
Clinical Practice
Narrative review
Hepatic fibrosis
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