Shore Laboratory Report on the Foraminifera from Leg 27 Sites, Deep Sea Drilling Project
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Tables 1 through 5 show the distribution of planktonic foraminifera at Leg 27 sites, with indication of abundance and preservation.The symbols used in the tables are as follows:Relative Abundance 0-Absent 1-Rare (1-10 specimens) 2-Moderately rare (11-25 specimens) 3-Common (26-50 specimens) 4-Abundant (51-100 specimens)5-Very abundant (100 specimens) *-Hundred to thousands of specimens P-Present<p>Foraminifera are generally live in sea water with various sizes. These organisms consist of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Geological activity on plutonic and volcanic with vomiting magma is transpiring on, and then affects sedimentation and foraminiferal abundance of Ambon Bay. The study was determined to study the abundance and distribution of foraminifera based on the sediment characteristic of Ambon Bay. Sample collected in 2007 of Ambon Bay showed that only 29 samples of 50 samples containing foraminifera. The collected sediments have 86 species of foraminifera, consisting 61 species of benthic foraminifera and 25 species of planktonic foraminifera. The dominant benthic foraminifera in the surface sediment of Ambon bay were Amphistegina lessonii, Ammoniabeccarii,Elphidium craticulatum,Operculina ammonoides and Quinqueloculina parkery. The planktonic foraminifera that were frequently collected from the bay were Globorotalia tumida, Globoquadrina pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides cyclostomus dan Pulleniatina finalis. Generally, the species dwelled as abundant on substrate sand, whereas the areas within substrate mud have no foraminifera lie on them.</p> <p>Keywords: Foraminifera, Abundance, Sediment, Ambon Bay</p>
Globigerinoides
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<p>Live and dead benthic foraminifera assemblages were studied from 50 samples collected in a lagoon located between Yas Island and Ras al Gurhab Island (UAE) in a system dominated by carbonate sedimentation.</p><p>Living and dead foraminifera tests are present at all of the sampled locations. The foraminifera assemblage is dominated by a high diversity of miliolidae together with epiphytic larger benthic foraminifera belonging to the genera Peneroplis, Spirolina and Sorites. Hyaline foraminifera, such as Ammonia and Elphidium, are commonly found at all the locations while agglutinated foraminifera are uncommon and have a scattered occurrence.</p><p>The abundance and diversity of benthic foraminifera were calculated for each sample. Four benthic foraminifera ecological indices were applied to the studied samples. For each of the samples we calculated: the total foraminiferal number (number of foraminifera in 1 g of sediment >125 &#956;m); the percentages of agglutinated, porcellaneous and hyaline foraminifera tests; the ratio between living and dead benthic foraminifera; the ratio between larger benthic foraminifera with normal and abnormal test growth. The above-mentioned data have been applied to construct a foraminiferal assemblage database that facilitates the discrimination between inner and outer lagoonal environments.</p>
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Foraminifera are generally live in sea water with various sizes. These organisms consist of planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Geological activity on plutonic and volcanic with vomiting magma is transpiring on, and then affects sedimentation and foraminiferal abundance of Ambon Bay. The study was determined to study the abundance and distribution of foraminifera based on the sediment characteristic of Ambon Bay. Sample collected in 2007 of Ambon Bay showed that only 29 samples of 50 samples containing foraminifera. The collected sediments have 86 species of foraminifera, consisting 61 species of benthic foraminifera and 25 species of planktonic foraminifera. The dominant benthic foraminifera in the surface sediment of Ambon bay were Amphistegina lessonii, Ammoniabeccarii,Elphidium craticulatum,Operculina ammonoides and Quinqueloculina parkery. The planktonic foraminifera that were frequently collected from the bay were Globorotalia tumida, Globoquadrina pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides pseudofoliata, Globigerinoides cyclostomus dan Pulleniatina finalis. Generally, the species dwelled as abundant on substrate sand, whereas the areas within substrate mud have no foraminifera lie on them. Keywords: Foraminifera, Abundance, Sediment, Ambon Bay
Globigerinoides
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An account of the stratigraphy, based in large part on deep wells, of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations, precedes the systematic descriptions of the Foraminifera. Of the 52 species and varieties described from the Mal Paso shale, 15 are new.
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We report the occurrence of the oldest known multi-chambered trochospiral, planispiral and planispiral/uniserial foraminifera from the Lower to Middle Cambrian deposits in Nova Scotia (Canada). Morphologically, these forms closely resemble modern marsh foraminifera. If these are in fact similar or the same as present marsh foraminifera, their apparent lack of morphological evolution, and the agglutinated and complex multichambered nature of these foraminifera suggest that: 1) these organisms must have some unique characteristics favoring the development of a successful assemblage that appears to have survived to the present, 2) complex chamber arrangements started to develop before 500 Ma, and 3) either these forms are the ancestors to all multi-chambered foraminifera–including the calcareous foraminifera which are the dominant foraminiferal group today – or there was parallel evolution where these went undetected for 200 m.y. when the next occurrence of these chamber arrangements is reported.Similar foraminifera have been found in Carboniferous and younger deposits where it is clear these were associated with ancient marshes. These fill some of the time gap between the Cambrian forms and modern marsh species.
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Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental analysis of the sediments penetrated by Sahaiawei-1 Well in the Northern Delta Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin was carried out in order to determine the foraminifera biozonation, age, paleobathymetry, depositional environment and paleo-oxygen condition of the well. The total foraminifera population recovered was two thousand, three hundred and sixty five (2365), with planktic foraminifera constituting one hundred and fifty four (154) forms, while calcareous benthic and agglutinated benthic foraminifera recovered accounted for two thousand, one hundred and sixty two (2162) and fourty nine (49) of the total foraminifera population respectively. The total foraminifera species recovered was fifty nine (59); planktic accounted for twenty (20) foraminifera species, while calcareous and agglutinated benthic foraminifera accounted for thirty one (31) and eight (8) foraminifera species respectively. Five benthic foramineferabiozones were identified: lumped P7-P13, P5-P6/P7, lumped P3-P4, lumped P1-P2 and M18 Zones of Blow (1969, 1979). The result of the analysis indicates that the entire analysed interval (1800ft – 10680ft) was deposited during the Late Maastrichtian to Late Eocene epoch. The depositional environments of the Well varied from littoral, marginal, shallow and deep marine environments.
Keywords: Biozonation, Calcareous, Arenaceous, Agglutinated, Hyposaline Marshes, Hyposaline Shelf Sea
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Since the inception of their use in commercial micropaleontology, benthic foraminifera have proven to be eminently useful in the solution of geological problems. The utilitarian credentials of benthic foraminifera in estimating paleodepths from marsh through neritic environments with a reasonable degree of accuracy and to indicate approximate ages (viz. subdivision of series/epochs) have been established in both commercial and academic applications. Benthic foraminifera are generally more resistant to dissolution than planktonic foraminifera, and have wide distributions; many taxa have restricted stratlgraphic ranges, making them suitable for correlation and paleo-environmental studies. Yet, three problems have tended to limit the utility of benthic foraminifera: 1) there is a lack of uniformity in taxonomy (Boltovskoy, 1980; Douglas & Woodruff, 1982); 2) attempts to erect zonal schemes using benthic foraminifera have resulted in boundaries which are later proven to be diachronous relative to planktonic zonatlons (e.g. the California provincial stages, Poore, 1976); and 3) attempts to interpret paleodepths from deep-sea benthic foraminifera have produced widely-varying results. One could perhaps conclude, as Boltovskoy (1965a) did over a decade ago, that these problems indicate “…the near future of this science is rather bleak.”
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At present,any in-situ drilling and coring work of gas hydrate in deep seas depends upon the ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) and DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)special drilling technique by making use of ships,that is to say,a parent ship puts down a rod hundreds or thousands of meters long to the seabed to carry out drilling of 500～1 000 m in length,and then different PCSs(pressure coring samplers) and PTCSs(pressure-temperature coring samplers)are used to collect samples.Such technique needs huge funds.Our new method is to fix the pressure-temperature corers directly on the seabed and realize the in-situ hi-fi sample collection.
Coring
Clathrate hydrate
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