Community Vulnerability to Climate Change
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Krong No was evaluated that it was the most severely affected district in Dak Nong province under impacts of drought in 2015-2016. The objective of this study was to assess the people’s livelihood vulnerability in Krong No district in Daknong province by using Livelihood Vulnerability Index developed by Hahn et al. (2009) and field survey. The obtained results indicated that LVI of Krong No district reached to medium level (0.444). However, there was an unbalance point in major components of the LVI. The most vulnerable components were water (0.774) livelihood strategies (0.661), whereas, five other components were lower than 0.5. The descreasing order of the vulnerability was food, drought, social networks, health and sociodemographic profile. Another result showed that Quang Phu and Nam N'dir were two of five communes which were needed the support.
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Abstract This study calculated the vulnerability and current adaptive capacity of shrimp farmers to climate change in two districts (Duyen Hai –DH and Cau Ngang- CN) of Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. The IPCC framework of vulnerability assessment was employed to analyze three factors (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). We proposed 45 indices to calculate those dimensions based on the livelihood capitals (human, physical, natural, social and financial capital). Three methods of assessing climate change vulnerability index were applied to compare the livelihood vulnerability index of shrimp farmers in the two districts (Climate Vulnerability Index – CVI, Livelihood Effect Index-LEI, and Livelihood Vulnerability index under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change –LVI-IPCC). Total of 300 households were interviewed in 10 randomly selected villages distributed equally over two districts. The results indicated that three ways of measuring livelihood vulnerability index are consistent with each other. The analysis revealed that the inland district (CN) was more vulnerable to climate change than the coastal districts (DH) due to natural capital and social capital mainly.
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Globally, fisheries support livelihoods of over half a billion people who are exposed to multiple climatic stresses and shocks that affect their capacity to subsist. Yet, only limited research exists on the vulnerability of fishery-based livelihood systems to climate change. We assess the vulnerability of fishery-based livelihoods to the impacts of climate variability and change in two coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh. We use a composite index approach to calculate livelihood vulnerability and qualitative methods to understand how exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity measured by sub-indices produce vulnerability. Our results suggest that exposure to floods and cyclones, sensitivity (such as dependence on small-scale marine fisheries for livelihoods), and lack of adaptive capacity in terms of physical, natural, and financial capital and diverse livelihood strategies construe livelihood vulnerability in different ways depending on the context. The most exposed community is not necessarily the most sensitive or least able to adapt because livelihood vulnerability is a result of combined but unequal influences of bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics of communities and households. But within a fishing community, where households are similarly exposed, higher sensitivity and lower adaptive capacity combine to create higher vulnerability. Initiatives to reduce livelihood vulnerability should be correspondingly multifaceted.
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This Research explores the factors influencing
gendered livelihood strategies, climate change adaptation and the
role of women play in a context of a climate change in Mangio
Village, Mwanga District, Tanzania. By using a livelihood
theoretical framework and qualitative research methods including
focus group discussions, household interviews, individual
interviews and key informant interviews, important data on
livelihood and adaptation strategies were collected at the
community level, household level and individual level (women and
key informants). Qualitative data analyses were done using NVIVO
software. Results indicate that various interlinked factors
influences climate change adaptive capacity and livelihood
strategies at the community, household and individual levels.
Moreover, despite having limited access to livelihood assets and
being overburdened with labor and responsibilities compared to men,
the analysis indicates that Mangio women are very instrumental in
enhancing the rural livelihood strategies and the adaptive capacity
that Mangio Village has to climate change. Social networks and
contribution emerged as major catalyst in enhancing collective and
women’s adaptive capacity while some mediating processes inhibited
the outcome of women’s roles for resilient livelihood and
adaptation strategies.
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Climate change vulnerability depends upon various factors and differs between places, sectors and communities. This study is aimed at analyzing smallholder farmers’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change and variability in Kembatta Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia using the IPCC Livelihood Vulnerability Index approach. The approach estimates vulnerabilities by grouping nine major components into three categories of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, using data collected from 508 randomly selected farm households based on five livelihood zones. The result score of Livelihood Vulnerability Index revealed that Coffee livelihood zone with high exposure index coupled with limited adaptive capacity made it the most vulnerable among the five livelihood zones; whereas, Ginger livelihood zone with very high adaptive capacity index and low sensitivity, coupled with medium level exposure index to climate change has greatly contributed for its least vulnerability score. In line with the results, people-centered strengthening of adaptive capacity based on the local geographical and socio-economic profiles as well as widening opportunities for off-farm livelihood strategies is essential. Keywords: Climate Change, Livelihood Zone, Livelihood Vulnerability DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-6-06 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
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The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean climate change vulnerability assessment tool, the Vulnerability Assessment Tool to build Climate Change Adaptation Plan (VESTAP). Based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology, VESTAP can be used to evaluate Korea’s vulnerability to major climate impacts (including 32 conditions in 8 categories). VESTAP is based on RCP 4.5/8.5 scenarios and can provide evaluation results in 10-year intervals from the 2010s to 2040s. In addition, this paper presents the results of a case study using VESTAP for targeted assessment of health vulnerability to heat waves under the RCP 8.5 scenario for the 2040s. Through vulnerability assessment at the province level in South Korea, Daegu Metropolitan City was identified as the most vulnerable region. The municipality and submunicipality levels of Daegu were also assessed in separate stages. The results indicated that Pyeongni 3-Dong in Seo-Gu was most vulnerable. Through comprehensive analysis of the results, the climate exposure index was identified as the greatest contributor to health vulnerability in Korea. Regional differences in climate exposure can be moderated by social investment in improving sensitivity and adaptive capacity. This study is significant in presenting a quantitative assessment of vulnerability to climate change by the administrative unit in South Korea. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the efficient development and implementation of climate change adaptation policies in South Korea.
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The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Erratic climate changes are severely affecting the livelihoods of people who depend upon mixed crop–livestock production. By employing the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LVI (LVIIPCC), and the livelihood effect index (LEI), this study evaluated livelihood vulnerability in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study provides a range of indicators for national and local policy makers to improve resilience in the face of livelihood vulnerability. By incorporating more major components and subcomponents, this study identifies more specific challenges of livelihood vulnerability for future policy directions. It is interesting to find that credit and cash used for crop inputs are critical financial constraints for farmers. From the estimated indicators, this study also provides some specific policy recommendations for the four study districts of Punjab Province. These results are helpful in identifying and highlighting vulnerability determinants and indicators. Initiating and promoting better adaptive capacity and starting resilience projects for households are urgent actions required by donors and governments to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of mixed crop–livestock households in arid and semiarid areas.
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