[Susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibacterial agents (2009)].
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Objective To investigate the bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in children.Methods Deep respiratory aspirate specimens from 1441 hospitalized children with CAP over a 1-year period were cultured,and the isolated bacterial strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.Results 761 strains were isolated from 722 patients(50.1%) of which,170(22.3%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae,130(17.1%) were Escherichia coli,89(11.7%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae,63(8.3%) were Staphylococcus aureus,60(7.9%) were Hemophilus influenzae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae.The detection rates of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and penicillin-nonsusceptible S.pneumoniae(PISP+PRSP) were 15.9% and 84.3%,respectively.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Serratia spp and Enterobacter cloacae were 31.2%,46.2%,94.8% and 16.8% respectively.The resistance rates of Hemophilus influenzae and Hemophilus parainfluenzae to ampicilin were 40% and 36% respectively.The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem were 10.7% and 13.2% respectively.Conclusions In isolated strains from Shenzhen children hospitalized with CAP,gram-negative bacilli were more common than gram-positive cocci.The isolated bacteria have high levels of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Acinetobacter baumannii
Klebsiella pneumonia
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Peptide deformylase (PDF), a clinically unexploited antibacterial target, plays an essential role in protein maturation. PDF inhibitors, therefore, represent a new antibiotic class with a unique mode of action that provides an alternative therapy for the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). GSK1322322 is a novel PDF inhibitor that is in phase II clinical development for the treatment of lower respiratory tract and skin infections. We have discovered that PDF inhibitors can prevent S. aureus in vitro growth for up to 6 h at concentrations 8- to 32-fold below their MICs. This phenomenon seems specific to PDF inhibitors, as none of the antimicrobial agents with alternative mechanisms of action tested show such a potent and widespread effect. It also appears limited to S. aureus, as PDF inhibitors do not show such an inhibition of growth at sub-MIC levels in Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. Analysis of the effect of GSK1322322 on the early growth of 100 randomly selected S. aureus strains showed that concentrations equal to or below 1/8× MIC inhibited growth of 91% of the strains tested for 6 h, while the corresponding amount of moxifloxacin or linezolid only affected the growth of 1% and 6% of strains, respectively. Furthermore, the sub-MIC effect demonstrated by GSK1322322 appears more substantial on those strains at the higher end of the MIC spectrum. These effects may impact the clinical efficacy of GSK1322322 in serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
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Preincubation with subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim decreased the adherence of the respiratory pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis to human larynx carcinoma HEp-2 cells. Subinhibitory concentrations of sparfloxacin did not change the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumoniae 15.62, but adhesion of S. pneumoniae 15.42 was significantly enhanced by subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations.
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ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of faropenem and other antimicrobial agents were determined against 4,725 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 2,614 Haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 1,193 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 273 U.S. laboratories during 1999. Faropenem MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.008, 0.25, and 1 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant S. pneumoniae strains, respectively; 0.5 and 1 μg/ml for β-lactamase-positive and -negative H. influenzae strains, respectively; and 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml for β-lactamase-negative and -positive M. catarrhalis strains, respectively. Faropenem holds promise as an oral therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
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The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of tomopenem was determined aftera 2 h exposure of two strains of meticillin-susceptible and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA), and imipenem-susceptibleand imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa , to tenfold the respectiveMIC. The PAEs on MSSA and P. aeruginosa were approximately 1 hand they were comparable to those of meropenem. The PAE on MRSA was 1.5 to3 h, equal to or longer than those of vancomycin. The PAEs of tomopenemnot only were found for MRSA, but also were present in the imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa tested.
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