Clinical and epidemiological data of hepatitis c (hcv) and hepatitis (hbv) infection in patients from hepatitis outclinic of university hospital faculty of medicine of ribeirao preto
Ana de Lourdes Candolo MartinelliIára de SouzaMassimo VicentiniMárcia G. VillanovaJ F C FigueiredoAfonso Dinis Costa PassosDimas Tadeu Covas
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Keywords:
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immuno
deficiency virus have in the recent years posed significant challenges to the health care system.
The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and
impact of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus co-infection in HIV patients of Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital.
Altogether one hundred HIV positive patients in
Government General Hospital and Madras Medical College
were selected by random sampling and were screened for
Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti HCV. Liver function tests and ultra sonography of abdomen were done. Statistical analysis was done and p values were estimated wherever necessary.
Results showed that prevalence of Hepatitis B coinfection
as 8%, Hepatitis C co-infection as 4% and Hepatitis
B and Hepatitis C co-infection together as 1% in HIV
population. There was significant elevation of liver enzymes with co-infection.
On the basis of higher prevalence rates for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C co-infection routine screening for these viruses is necessary in HIV positive population.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Viral Hepatitis
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Background and aim Viral hepatitis is a global health issue and can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Guidelines for viral hepatitis screening in the transgender population do not exist. Transgender patients may be at higher risk for contracting viral hepatitis due to socioeconomic and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to measure the quality of screening, prevalence, and susceptibility of viral hepatitis, and to identify barriers to screening in transgender patients undergoing gender identity hormonal therapy. Methods LGBTQ-friendly clinic visits from transgender patients older than 18 years in New York City from 2012 to 2015 were reviewed. Results Approximately 13% of patients were screened for any viral hepatitis on initial consultation. Screening rates for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) at any point were 27, 22, and 20%. HAV screening was performed in 28% of the female to male (FtM) patients and 16% of male to female (MtF) ( P <0.05) patients. HBV screening was performed in 30% of FtM patients and 18% of MtF patients ( P <0.05). Thirty-one percent of FtM, 24% of MtF, and 17% of genderqueer patients were tested for HCV ( P >0.05). Prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HIV in FtM was 0, 0, and 0.44% and that in MtF was 1.78, 0.89, and 1.78%, respectively. Percentage of patients immune to hepatitis A in FtM and MtF subgroups were 55 and 47% ( P >0.05). Percentage of patients immune to HBV in FtM and MtF subgroups were 54 and 48% ( P >0.05). Conclusion This study indicates a significant lack of hepatitis screening in the transgender population and a concerning proportion of patients susceptible to disease.
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Hepatitis B
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis (HCV) C virus are endemic in India and have an aetiological role in acute hepatitis, 50 - 70%, of which end up with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV)and their dual infection among patients admitted in Tertiary care Hospital in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra Methods: This descriptive hospital based study was conducted between August 2010 to July 2011 at Tertiary care Hospital Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. The pathological research laboratory is situated in the hospital premises. All the patients who were admitted in the hospital were included in the study after taking informed consent. Three (3) ml of blood was collected in a syringe without anticoagulant from anticubital vein with all aseptic precaution. Serum was separated and screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Antibodies against Hepatitis C. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions provided in the kit. A questionnaire was completed from all positive patients. All the information was entered in a standard form. Results: A total of 2230 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 2230 patients 1562(70.04%) were male and 668 (29.95%) were female. All patients under went screening for HBV and HCV. Age wise distribution and seropositivity of HBV & HCV infection by age is given in table 2. Hepatitis b and Hepatitis c was present in 61 (02.37%) patients, out of these 61 patients 44 (72.13%) were male and 17 (27.86%) were female. Hepatitis B was present in 46 (02.06%) patients, Hepatitis c was present in 13(0.58%) patients and 02 (0.0089%) patients were positive for both Hepatitis B and Hepatits C. Sex wise seropositivity is given in table no. 1. The overall prevalence of HBV infection within the study period was 2.06%, HCV 0.58% and for HBV & HCV both was 0.089%. Regarding the prediposing factors, past history of surgery 17 (27.86%), Blood transfusion 22 (36.06%), Dental procedure 07 (11.47%), Injection & drug abuse 04 (06.55%), Barbar shaving 02 (03.27%), and No known risk factor 09(14.75%) were found. Conclusions: For the prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV infection, the community awareness regarding vaccination against Hepatitis B and risk factors for spread of HBV & HCV, implementation of population based screening and vaccination for HBV on large scale should be ensured.
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HCV and HBV cause annually, 2000 deaths from liver cancer in Burkina Faso. In this country, serological screening of hepatitis viruses B and C is only systematic among blood donors. The aims of this study were; (1) to investigate the reasons for the prescription of the screening for hepatitis B and C; (2) to determine HCV and HBV prevalence among 462 patients attending the Saint Camille Centre and (3) to identify patients with acute hepatitis or with chronic hepatitis for better monitoring. From February to May 2012, 462 patients attending the laboratory of the Saint Camille Medical Centre with viral hepatitis suspicion were screened. The hepatitis B and C serological markers were detected through Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) technique using commercial reagent kits. The clinical symptoms were also recorded for each patient. The results revealed that, the main clinical symptoms that prompted physicians to request HBV and HCV screenings were: asthenia (39.4%), anorexia (21.2%), abdominal pains (19.0%), nausea (10.4%), others (10.0%). The prevalence of HbsAg was 29.4% among the screened people. Patients with acute hepatitis B, active chronic hepatitis B and non-active chronic hepatitis B represented 11.2, 2.2 and 16.0%, respectively. The acquisition of immunity against HBV after vaccination was attempted for 11.7% people. HCV prevalence was 3.9% and its coinfection with HBV was 2.2%. This study showed a high prevalence for hepatitis B and C among patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre. Without hygiene education and HBV/HCV prevention, viral hepatitis infection will become a serious public health problem in Burkina Faso.
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To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B and C infections and the benefits of programs aimed at hepatitis prevention and control in Northeastern China.Individuals receiving health examinations were recruited to complete a questionnaire and undergo laboratory tests for hepatitis infection. Data on demographic characteristics, results of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological tests, for HBV and HCV infection were analyzed.Among 227 808 study participants, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV-positive rates were 6.1% and 3.0%, respectively. Among HBsAg-positive participants, 63.8% tested positive for HBV DNA, 20.2% had an abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, and 10.7% had cirrhosis. Among anti-HCV-positive participants, 57.2% tested positive for HCV RNA, 29.6% had an abnormal ALT level, and 8.4% had cirrhosis. Among HBsAg- or anti-HCV-positive participants, 47.1% and 32.0%, respectively, were aware of their infection. Among participants infected with HBV or HCV and suitable for antivirus treatment, 23.5% and 16.1%, respectively, had received antivirus treatment. The HBV plus HCV coinfection rate was 0.08%.The HBsAg-positive rate decreased significantly after implementation of recently introduced HBV control programs in China. However, the anti-HCV-positive rate showed only a slight decrease, indicating that programs for the prevention and control of hepatitis viruses require continued strengthening.ChiCTR-ECS-13004009.
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Infection control measures have been responsible for a decline in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in hemodialysis patients. In Brazil, these measures have been in place since 1996. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current HBV and HCV epidemiology among hemodialysis patients in the State of Tocantins comparing them with those found 14 years ago. There was a significant decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV prevalence from 4% and 13% in 2001 to 0.8% and 2.8% in 2014-2015, respectively (p < 0.05). Variables related to hemodialysis environment such as working shift and length of time on hemodialysis treatment were no longer associated to HCV and HBV exposure in 2014-2015. A high prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination was observed in both periods, but only 30% of the individuals showed serological profile of effective previous immunization, suggesting a low compliance with surveillance of hepatitis B immunization in hemodialysis centers. The significant decline in viral hepatitis B and C prevalence in hemodialysis patients in Tocantins underscores the importance of infection control measures, but the low frequency of protective serological profile after immunization against hepatitis B points to the need for greater vigilance of the patients’ vaccination.
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Background and Aims: Hepatitis B is a disease of public health importance in Iran. We conducted this study to determine the epidemiology, clinical presentations of hepatitis B infection in Khuzestan province, Southwest of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive individuals referred to the Ahwaz Jondishapour University Hospitals (AJSUH) and Hepatitis Clinic from February 2002 to May 2007. Based on a speciallydesigned protocol, standard commercially-available tests and physical examinations were performed. All subjects were evaluated using a face-to-face questionnaire about demographic aspects. The analysis included data on past medical history, physical examination and periodic evaluation clinically and serologically. Results: 1264 patients infected with hepatitis B virus participated in the study. The patients consisted of 874 male and 390 female patients with the age range of 8-72 years. The most frequent age group was 20-40 years (56.4%). Antidelta antibodies were observed in 4.7% of the carriers (59/1264), anti hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies in 0.9% (12/1095) and anti human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) antibodies in 0.1% (1/1095) of active carriers, respectively. Of 1264 patients infected with hepatitis B virus, 71 (5.6%) were also hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive, no difference in female to male ratio was observed between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusions: The family history of hepatitis, dental procedures and a history of transfusion are important risk factors for HBV infection in our area. More careful screening and preventive measures, strict attention to asepsis, evaluation of risk factors, and improvements in certain lifestyle patterns and customs in this area may be essential to prevent transmission of the infection.
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Viral hepatitis C is often silent and is sometimes discovered only by routine serologic testing. We investigated healthy adults for seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), for markers of hepatitis B (HBV) coinfection and for risk factors of transmission blood borne viruses.We performed a descriptive cross sectional study for the period 1999-2000. A caseload of 2,211 healthy randomly selected subjects (aged 10-69, both sexes) from a big Bulgarian city gave informed consent for participation and answered a standardized questionnaire. Serum samples were obtained and tested using ELISA method for anti-HCV antibodies, HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies), as well as for anti-HIV-1.2 antibodies.The overall anti-HCV seroprevalence was 1.08%, which coincides with the data submitted to WHO for the general Bulgarian population, as well as with the average data for Europe. Higher anti-HCV seroprevalence was ascertained with increasing age except in adolescents, in whom the anti-HCV positivity was high. A great part of the subjects with anti-HCV antibodies -- 62.5% had serological evidence for exposure to HBV. Anti-HCV carriage was in positive correlation with the summarized data for previous morbidity (surgery, blood transfusion and past liver disease), as well as with detecting markers for hepatitis B. In the studied caseload 0.68% had markers of double HCV and HBV infection. Nobody was found as seropositive for HIV-1.2.The results of our study suggest the need of more stringent measures for prevention and control of HCV infection, including screening focused on different groups of population, precise determination of risk factors for HCV transmission and offering of HBV vaccine to HCV positive individuals to reduce the high risk of double HCV and HBV infection.
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