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    Schizophrenia liability shares common molecular genetic risk factors with sleep duration and nightmares in childhood
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    Abstract:
    Background: Sleep abnormalities are common in schizophrenia, often appearing before psychosis onset; however, the mechanisms behind this are uncertain. We investigated whether genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with sleep phenotypes. Methods: We used data from 6,058 children and 2,302 mothers from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We examined associations between a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and sleep duration in both children and mothers, and nightmares in children, along with genetic covariances between these traits. Results: Polygenic risk for schizophrenia was associated with increased risk of nightmares (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14, p=0.02) in children, and also with less sleep (β=-44.52, 95% CI: −88.98, −0.07; p=0.05). We observed a similar relationship with sleep duration in mothers, although evidence was much weaker (p=0.38). Finally, we found evidence of genetic covariance between schizophrenia risk and reduced sleep duration in children and mothers, and between schizophrenia risk and nightmares in children. Conclusions: These molecular genetic results support recent findings from twin analysis that show genetic overlap between sleep disturbances and psychotic-like experiences. They also show, to our knowledge for the first time, a genetic correlation between schizophrenia liability and risk of nightmares in childhood.
    Keywords:
    Sleep
    Longitudinal Study
    It is well established that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is psychotomimetic. The propensity for the induction of psychotic-like symptoms depends upon the potency of the compound administered (i.e. the THC content and the amount of cannabidiol, which appears to have antipsychotic effects) and the underlying vulnerability of the individual. Schizophrenia is a disorder with extreme vulnerability to psychosis, and cannabis use by people with schizophrenia is likely to cause a worsening of outcomes. Whether cannabis can actually cause schizophrenia is a rather different and more contentious question, but a number of cohort studies converge in their conclusions that cannabis exposure in youth can act as a cumulative causal factor in some cases of schizophrenia.
    Psychotomimetic
    Vulnerability
    Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
    Tetrahydrocannabinol
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    Objective:To compare the clinical characterics between schizophrenia-like psychosis and first episode schizoprenia. Method:Clinical characterics of 45 cases of schizophrenia-like psychosis and 45 cases of first episode schizophrenia (discharged at same period) were compared. Results:There were significant differences in poverty of thought,sluggish,tension and phobia,impulsive and disruptive between schizophrenia-like psychosis and first episode schizophrenia. Conclusion:To compare between schizophrenia-like psychosis and first episode schizophrenia,there are significant differences among some symptoms.
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    Introduction Historical views of schizophrenia The diagnosis of schizophrenia Differential diagnosis of schizophrenia Aetiological theories Epidemiology of schizophrenia Examination of the patient with psychotic symptoms Presentations of psychotic illness Initial assessment of acute psychosis Initial treatment of acute psychosis Maintenance phase Discharge planning Outpatient treatment and follow-up...
    Etiology