Mud volcano evolution from 3D seismic interpretation and field mapping in Azerbaijan
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Abstract We present the first seismic model of the crust beneath Sakhalin based on P and S‐wave arrival time data from local earthquakes. Based on the results of numerous synthetic tests, we conclude that this model has fair horizontal and vertical resolution to 20–25 km depth. At shallow depths, seismic anomalies are clearly associated with known geological structures, such as the high‐velocity Paleozoic Susunai block and the low‐velocity Cenozoic fold belts along the West Sakhalin Mountains. In vertical sections, we observe westward underthrusting of the Susunai block to a distance of at least 70 km, which may represent the regional compression and considerable crustal shortening in this area. Based on the tomography results, we hypothesize about the origin of the mud volcanism in southern Sakhalin. We propose that because of the general westward underthrusting regime in Sakhalin, hydrocarbon‐rich shelf sediments may be entrained to considerable depths under the rigid Susunai block, which serves as a nonpermeable cover. The released gases find the weakest zones around the Susunai block and along the Tym‐Poronay Fault and escape to the surface to form the South Sakhalin and Lesnovsky mud volcano fields.
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Following the April 6 2009 L'Aquila earthquake, a great effort has been carried out by numerous research institutions for seismic microzonation purposes of urban areas in order to evaluate the seismic potential of the main active faults of the epicentral area. This is the case of the active Mt. Pettino master extensional fault (hereafter PEF) which controls the tectono-sedimentary evolution of western L'Aquila Basin. PEF is near to a strongly urbanized area which coincides with its pediment. This condition shows a high seismic exposition, so that specifically devoted multidisciplinary investigations, organised in subsequent in-depth steps and whose results are presented here, permitted to fine-tune its seismic hazard evaluation.The investigations were mainly based on a seismic reflection profile orthogonal to the fault strike in its hangingwall. The seismic profile was interpreted by comparison with the geological outcropping data and the stratigraphic analysis of numerous boreholes, several of which reached the pre-Quaternary substratum. The main goals were double: (i) to improve the integrated geological-geophysical subsurface model for the evaluation of the local seismic amplification and (ii) to estimate the PEF seismic hazard through the study of the sedimentary infill evolution and the tectonic subsidence of the PEF hangingwall which were strictly interrelated with the PEF seismic history.
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Deep volcanic gas reservoir is one of the main types of complex reservoir, volcanic rock formation with a greater difference between sedimentary strata, sedimentary strata sequence stratigraphic interpretation method has matured, the volcanic rock stratigraphic interpretation methods have not form a targeted and effective technology, volcanic rock stratigraphic subdivision explanation is described the main content of the volcanic rock gas reservoir. In view of the multi-stage eruption of volcanic rock in the volcanic rock strata, the rock mass of volcanic rock is overlapped vertically and horizontally, so that the lithology, the transverse and vertical facies of the rocks are rapidly changing. The lithofacies description method can't meet the demand of exploration and deployment of the problem, this paper takes the xu of xujiaweizi ANDA area as an example, to establish a set of strata - cross period of time - find a crater - seismic sequence analysis method of rock mass, and has been applied in the region and realize the effective segmentation of volcanic lava stratigraphic unit, build 3 d geological model of the volcanic rock formation, provide geological basis for deep volcanic rocks in the subsequent deployment of horizontal well.
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