Ambient temperature crack growth in titanium alloys and its significance for aircraft structures
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Abstract:
Modern technology places great demands on structural material performance. Until the 1950s, structures were invariably designed according to safe-life principles, for which a crack-free service life was required and assumed. However, the tendency to much longer utilisation of aircraft, and latterly the introduction of high strength materials, have focused attention on damage tolerant design in which allowance must be made for possible cracking and its certain detection before catastrophic failure. Especially for high strength materials is this change in philosophy necessary, because the improved static strengths (and hence potentially increased structural efficiency) rarely result in comparable improvements in fatigue properties, and are usually accompanied by a decline in fracture toughness and in greater susceptibility to environment-induced cracking.Keywords:
Allowance (engineering)
Service life
Catastrophic failure
Structural material
Paris' law
Fatigue limit
With the implementation of allowance system in institutions of higher learning,there has been an increasing number of complaints among the staff members about the big income gap and the unjustness of the system.The paper makes an attempt to study the allowance system using Gini Coefficient.To build up a fair allowance system in institutions of higher learning,it is advisable that we make clear the aim of deepening our allowance system reform and set up an allowance system based on achievement and efficiency requirements of each post with the help of scientific theories.We should also deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency correctly and set up scientific and resonable rules and regulations.Besides,the staff members should be educated so that they will adopt a right attitude towards fairness.
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This thesis is focused on using the care about children allowance. On one hand it explains the general definition of notions, which preceded the allowance. The thesis further solves the conditions of claiming the allowance, the duties of the applicant, the administration, control and the increase possibilities. On the other hand, it is focused on the specification of selected health afflictions. The high-quality research was affected on the basis of semi-structured interview with the parents of the children, which receive this allowance.
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The current post allowance is mainly managed artificially and it has some disadvantages,such as low efficiency and slack information.It is very essential to automatically manage the post allowance based on the quantitative effects such as articles,projects and awards.The all-purpose post allowance management system is developed based on the mode of B/S.This paper introduces the systematic design principle,main functions,work flow and system characteristics.This post allowance management system can provide some assistance for administrator's decision making and it is valuable to spread the application.
Allowance (engineering)
Mode (computer interface)
Realization (probability)
Work flow
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Allowance (engineering)
Structural material
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Allowance (engineering)
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By exploring the science and artistry of the ease needed for garment,study the main factors affecting the ease allowance and advance designing techniques about ease allowance for ordinary garment,which provided practical method and theoretic reference for designing ease allowance for garment reasonably.
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This paper studies the efficiency of electro allowance policy by means of a mathematical model.The advantages and disadvantages of income and price allowance are analyzed and compared.Some conclusions and suggestions are given.
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The article discusses the use of case management in social work with low-income families receiving a monthly allowance. The application of the methodology of individual social support is given on the example of a family receiving a monthly allowance for a low-income family in Kyrgyzstan.
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Family income
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In this paper we present results of housing demand and intra‐urban mobility behaviour of new housing allowance recipients in Finland. The theoretical framework is a search model developed by the present author elsewhere. This model suggests that both the probability of searching and of accepting (randomly) received offers are increasing functions of the discrepancy between desired and current housing consumptions. In our empirical analysis we first estimate desired demand functions from our data with a special technique. Then, we use these functions to obtain predictions of desired demands with and without the allowance. These are compared to actual demands which, unlike the desired ones, are affected by prevailing rent regulation and related availability problems. Finally, we use measures of discrepancy between the desired demand with the allowance and the actual pre‐allowance housing demand to explain mobility during the first three years of obtaining the allowance. The actual demand effects of the allowance seem to be small relative to their impact on desired demands, which also are rather small.
Allowance (engineering)
On demand
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