Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) biotypes, nut forms and nut soaking effects on seedling emergence and growth
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) biotypes, nut forms and nut soaking in water on seedling emergence and growth. It was a 3×2×5 factorial experiment of 30 treatment combinations assigned in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The factors were: cashew nut biotypes (madras, medium and extra-large); nut forms (sinkers and floaters in water) and duration of soaking (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h) before sowing. Parameters measured included percent sinkers and floaters; percent seedling emergence, seedling morphology and dry matter yield. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA while means separation was done with DMRT. Percent sinkers:floaters ratios were significantly (p≤0.05) influenced by nut biotype. Ratios were 68:32, 88:12 and 14:86 in madras, medium and ex-large nut biotypes, respectively. Extra-large and medium nut biotypes had equal percent emergence which was significantly higher than for madras (75.0). Sinkers had similar percent emergence as floaters. Seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter yield were in the order of extra-large nut biotype > medium > madras. Sinkers were significantly superior to floaters in seedling height and stem diameter, but similar in number of leaves and leaf area. Duration of soaking had no significant (p≤0.05) effect on the parameters measured. Interactions occurred between biotypes and nut forms. Conclusively, both sinker and floater nut forms of extra-large and medium nut biotypes could be sown, without soaking to obtain vigorous seedlings.Keywords:
Anacardium
Cashew nut
The bromatological characteristics of the concentrate obtained from the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) with other known concentrates were compared, tests were performed and application in different food products were evaluated their sensory characteristics.The results of obtaining the cashew nut concentrate reveal the full potential source of proteins for human nutrition, which can be used directly in processed products.The functional properties of the concentrate do not distance from the properties of other known ones, which suggests the possibility of being used in multiple food products.
Anacardium
Cashew nut
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Anacardium
Cashew nut
Anacardiaceae
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Anacardium occidentale L. is a tree native to Brazil, which is rich in phenolic lipids. Nowadays, the cashew bark (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) has received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry, due to its economy, abundance and important chemical compounds. Net of cashew nut shell is classified according to the method of production of: (1) net of the shell of natural cashew nut (60-65% anacardic acid; 15-20% cardol and 10% of cardanol) and (2) liquid from the technical cashew nut shell (60-65% of cardanol, 15-20% cardol and 10% of polymeric material). This work aims to report the pharmacological properties of liquids from cashew nut shells. Results suggest that both liquids have antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-tumor, antiulcerogenic, molluscicides, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. Natural cashew nut liquid is non-genotoxic, whereas technical liquid is genotoxic in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although there is no evidence of their mutagenic effects on eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, the excellent antioxidant and non-mutagenic activities of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) provide opportunities for CNSL in the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical industries, but continuous study is needed to allow safe and efficacious preparations. Key words: Cashew liquid, cosmetics, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, preparation.
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As part of an ongoing program concerning utilisation of CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) from Anacardium occidentale as starting material for the preparation of useful compounds, we describe the conversion of cardols (6-alkenylresorcinols) into lasiodiplodin, a naturally occurring 12-membered orsellinic acid type macrolide, which exhibits plant growth regulating and antileukemic properties.
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