Saponin extracted waste biomass of Sapindus mukorossi for adsorption of methyl violet dye in aqueous system
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Keywords:
Biosorption
Central composite design
Methyl violet
Hemicellulose
BET theory
Activated carbon（AC）were prepared from lignin by chemical activation with sodium hydroxide（NaOH）. The influence of activation temperature，activation time and impregnation ration on the BET surface areas were investigated. Based on the central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology(RSM)，the optimized technological parameters were as follows: temperature 751°C， time 57min and impregnation ration 2.06, BET surface areas was up to 1437.20 m2/g.The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verified effectively by the validation.
Central composite design
Sodium hydroxide
BET theory
Specific surface area
Carbon fibers
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Biosorption
Central composite design
Box–Behnken design
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The advances in the researches on biosorption of heavy metal over the recent several decades were reviewed with most words dealing with biosorption mechanism, biosorption equilibrium and biosorption process with respect to both mono-ion biosorption and multi-ion biosorption system.
Biosorption
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Abstract A significant number of biosorption studies on the removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions have been conducted worldwide. Nearly all of them have been directed towards optimizing biosorption parameters to obtain the highest removal efficiency while the rest of them are concerned with the biosorption mechanism. Combinations of FTIR, SEM‐EDX, TEM as well as classical methods such as titrations are extremely useful in determining the main processes on the surfaces of biosorbents. Diverse functional groups represented by carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfate and amino groups play significant roles in the biosorption process. Solution pH normally has a large impact on biosorption performance. In brief, ion exchange and complexation can be pointed out as the most prevalent mechanisms for the biosorption of most heavy metals.
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Biosorption
Langmuir adsorption model
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The present study focuses on the biosorption of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solution using an Algerian biomass, Ammodaucus leucotrichus. The biosorption of MV on A. leucotrichus was investigated as function of pH (3–10), stirring speed (100–400 rpm), biosorbent dosage (0.5–3 g L−1), and initial MV concentrations (10–50 mg L−1). All experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at room temperature. FTIR analysis of our biosorbent material showed the presence of main functional groups, amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups, which are efficient biosorbents responsible for the removal of MV. The effects of biosorption were examined and the percentage of MV removal increased from ~68 to 93%. Pseudo-first-order, Elovich equation, and pseudo-second-order models were used to interpret and explain the experimental data. The sorption kinetics of MV onto A. leucotrichus biomass was explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin models were applied to describe the sorption isotherm. The obtained results indicated that the MV sorption follows the Freundlich models. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) was 500 mg g−1.
Biosorption
Methyl violet
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In this literature review, the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media by an environmentally friendly method, known as biosorption has been discussed. Biosorption can be referred to as an alternative to the common unsustainable industrial methods currently used. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous media by biosorption can take place by the aid of different types of biomass including algae, fungi, bacteria and plants. The mechanism(s) of biosorption can vary accordingly, mechanisms include physical adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation and transport across the cells. The efficiency of removal of heavy metals by a specific biosorbent at specified conditions can be compared by the calculated biosorption capacity of the respected biosorbent. Several factors can influence the biosorption capacity of different biosorbents, that mainly includes water pH, temperature, contact time, biomass dosage and initial heavy metal concentration. This literature review focuses on the types of biosorbents, mechanisms of biosorption and factors affecting biosorption capacity. In addition, biosorption, as a method which has the potential of competing with common industrial methods has been critically analysed.
Biosorption
Environmentally Friendly
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柠檬性的酸修改了纤维素废物(CMCW ) 经由酯化作用被准备并且从水的答案为甲又蓝色(MB ) 的移动用作便宜 biosorbent。biosorbent 集中， MB 答案的起始的 pH， biosorption 温度，接触时间，和 MB 的 biosorption 上的起始的 MB 集中的效果在静态的条件下面用批 biosorption 技术被调查。试验性的结果证明 CMCW 为 MB 展出了优秀 biosorption 特征。MB 的最大的 biosorption 能力直到在 293 K 的吸附温度的 214.5 mg/g。MB 的移动率在 pH 到达了最大值到 CMCW 上 > 4 并且 biosorption 在大约 50 min 到达了平衡。运动数据能与数据被发现与 211.42 mg/g 的一个单层吸附能力适合兰米尔等温线的 pseudo-second-order 模型和等温线一起被描述很好。biosorption 出现到被化学吸着控制并且可以在整个 biosorption 过程期间涉及表面吸附和毛孔散开。
Biosorption
Methylene blue
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Methyl violet 2B dye is a major contaminant that is detrimental to both humans and aquatic microorganisms, thus it should be eliminated from water. In the current investigation, the biosorption of methyl violet 2B dye onto the brown seaweed Cystoseira tamariscifolia biomass as a sustainable low-cost biosorbent was examined by varying biosorption parameters. Biomass dosage of 7 g/L, pH 6, a temperature of 45 °C, a 60 min contact time, and a 30 mg/L initial dye concentration were determined to be the optimum biosorption conditions. Data obtained were interpreted by thermodynamic, isothermal, and kinetic models. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the process of dye biosorption was random and endothermic. The data were best described by Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin models. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximal biosorption capacity (qmax) was 10.0 mg/g. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order mechanism is dominant, and chemical biosorption might represent the rate-controlling stage in the biosorption process. However, intraparticle diffusion revealed a boundary layer effect. A scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the point of zero charge, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red were applied to characterize the algal biomass, exhibiting its remarkable structural properties and the availability of several functional groups. Additionally, ion exchange, electrostatic force, and hydrogen bonding formation are all proposed as biosorption mechanisms. As a result, C. tamariscifolia was evaluated to be a sustainable biosorbent for dye biosorption from aqueous solutions.
Biosorption
Methyl violet
Endothermic process
Langmuir adsorption model
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Biosorption
Crystal violet
Methyl violet
Seed crystal
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