ISO/IEEE 11073 Personal Health Device (X73-PHD) Standards Compliant Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
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Since the introduction of the ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health device (X73-PHD) standards, as part of ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards, it has been applied to many health systems developed for personal use. In this systematic literature review, we review existing literature collected using three databases: Scopus, Pub Med, and Web of Science. We propose a classification for personal health systems based on the location in which they are used, the technology used to develop them, and the purpose which is determined by the targeted users. We found 51% of the devices used in such systems are standardized while approximately 40% are not and five systems did not specify the device status (9%). Various adaption techniques were used for standardization. Besides, the pulse oximeter is the most used device in such systems since it was used in 43% of them. In addition, we present the role of the X73-PHD standards in the Internet of Things (IoT) and tele-healthcare systems, discuss the challenges of utilizing this set of standards in health monitoring systems and converting the non-standardized devices into standardized ones. Finally, we propose the requirements of personal health systems based on our review of the literature.This chapter presents an overview of the standardization of rates. We first present some reasons for standardization, and some warnings against its uncritical use. We then define two types of standardization, direct and indirect, and set the stage for a comparison of the two. Later, we present some other methods of standardization, and discuss techniques for standardizing on two correlated dimensions. A problem solving section appears at the end of the chapter.
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The authors briefly introduced the importance of standardization,the new trends of standardization in developed countries,as well as the new situation,new tasks and new requirements faced by standardization in China.The main function of the National Technical Committee of Standardization for Wood-based Panels in China was also presented.The authors reviewed the development of standardization for wood-based panels in China and analyzed the main problems existed.Thereafter,necessary actions were suggested to promote standardization for wood-based panels in China,such as to strengthen standardization research,to initiate performance standards,to address public interest standards,to pay more attention to basic methodology standards and to actively participate in international standardization.
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Abstract : This study examines the standardization of facility designs. Different levels or degrees of design standardization are identified and defined. The major issues concerning standardization are identified as well as advantages and disadvantages of design standardization. The study recommends that Department of Defense(DoD) adopt a design standardization program that employs a matrix approach. The program recommended would result in an integrated, user-oriented approach to facility design standardization. Keywords: Design standardization, Standard designs, Facility standardization, Computer aided design.
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The complex standardization has great significance in promoting the standardization work and enhancing the level of standardization. Based on the theory of systems engineering, this paper brings forward complex standardization elements and establishes a general pattern of complex standardization. And then this paper summarizes the typical mode about large aircraft standardization and standardization of circular economy. Finally, the paper proposes some suggestion about applying comprehensive standardized mode in management work.
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Starting from the concept of standardization and its the importance,this article analyzed the characteristics of RTA furniture and it's standardization problem.The necessity and urgency to advance the standardization was also pointed out.The contents of standardization with respects to general engineering factors,materials,technological design,quality examination,the comprehensive rank evaluates and so on were disussed with the emphusis of standardization as a key step.Matters needed to be taken into account and strategies during the course of standardization were also discussed.
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Discussed on standardization problems in the medical devices industry standards on the side of the normative documents,etc. Given some examples of the medical device industry standards in which have some standardization problems exist and proper expressions according with the standardization demands.
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Abstract : Results of a 6-month study of standardization criteria & characteristics are presented that may be effectively applied to the Advanced Aircraft Armament System (AAAS) Program. System elements feasibly for standardization are identified. Standardization characteristics for those feasible elements are developed for various levels of standardization (subsystem, module, piece part) and standardization approaches (horizontal, vertical, area, functional, logistical, and cooperative). Alternative standardization characteristics are also postulated and recommendations are formulated for application to the AAAS Program. (Author)
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