Health Behavior Theory to Enhance eHealth Intervention Research in HIV: Rationale and Review
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Background The growth of mobile technology in developing countries, coupled with pressing maternal health care challenges, has led to a widespread implementation of maternal mobile health (mHealth) innovations. However, reviews generating insights on how the characteristics of the interventions influence use are scarce. Objective This study aims to review maternal mHealth interventions in Kenya to explore the influence of intervention design and implementation characteristics on use by maternal health clients. We also provide a starting inventory for maternal mHealth interventions in the country. Methods Using a systematic approach, we retrieved a total of 1100 citations from both peer-reviewed and gray sources. Articles were screened on the basis of an inclusion and exclusion criterion, and the results synthesized by categorizing and characterizing the interventions presented in the articles. The first phase of the literature search was conducted between January and April 2019, and the second phase was conducted between April and June 2021. Results A total of 16 articles were retrieved, comprising 13 maternal mHealth interventions. The study highlighted various mHealth design and implementation characteristics that may influence the use of these interventions. Conclusions In addition to elaborating on insights that would be useful in the design and implementation of future interventions, this study contributes to a local inventory of maternal mHealth interventions that may be useful to researchers and implementers in mHealth. This study highlights the need for explanatory studies to elucidate maternal mHealth use, while complementing existing evidence on mHealth effectiveness.
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Because physical inactivity and unhealthy diets are highly prevalent, there is a need for cost-effective interventions that can reach large populations. Electronic health (eHealth) and mobile health (mHealth) solutions have shown promising outcomes and have expanded rapidly in the past decade. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the state of the evidence for the use of eHealth and mHealth in improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors in general and special populations. The role of theory in eHealth and mHealth interventions is addressed, as are methodological issues. Key recommendations for future research in the field of eHealth and mHealth are provided.
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The design of ehealth and mhealth interventions is grounded in interconnected fields, mainly education, health, behavioral psychology, communication, and technology. To provide an overview of these interconnections, this chapter begins with a presentation of key concepts and terms related to elearning, mlearning, ehealth, and mhealth, providing an overview of their definitions and understanding. This is followed by a discussion of ehealth and mhealth theories that shed the light on the factors that prompt health behavior. Next, elearning design principles are explained as they play an important role in the design of interventions. The last section of the chapter addresses ehealth and mhealth spread of use, prominent applications, their benefits, and their challenges.
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The paper analyses the development of public eHealth services from 2014 to 2021 from the patients' point of view. The merits and missing features of the eHealth services were identified with patient interviews in 2014-2015. The list of missing features was again checked against the eHealth services in 2021. The main finding was that all the features wanted by the patients had still not been implemented. The finding of this paper suggests that current Finnish public eHealth services are organizations oriented rather than patient oriented.
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Abstract Social determinants of health and sociodemographic differences place some individuals at higher risk for hypertension leading to persisting disparities. While mobile health (mHealth) offers a promising approach to facilitate blood pressure (BP) management, it remains unclear which interventions are most effective for addressing disparities in hypertension control. We reviewed the current literature to examine whether mHealth interventions for BP control are effective in improving BP control in populations vulnerable to disparities in hypertension. We conducted a systematic review using multiple databases from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2020. For inclusion, participants must have elevated blood pressure and belong to a sociodemographic group with known disparities in hypertension. We also tracked specific characteristics of each intervention. Out of the eight articles that met our eligibility criteria for inclusion, five were published in 2018 to 2020. Only four demonstrated a significant reduction in BP and all those interventions incorporated care teams. Despite some evidence of the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for improving BP control among vulnerable groups, more effective interventions are needed, and the quality of studies is overall low. Further research is needed to find the most effective ways to engage diverse communities with mHealth solutions to improve BP control.
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