The increase in the aneuploidy rate in embryos is mostly due to an absolute decrease in the number of euploid embryos
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To analyze ploidy alterations during progression of colorectal tumors, we mapped the ploidy constitutions by cytofluorometry using (measurements of metaphase cells in) tissue sections as well as cell suspensions isolated from the tissue sections. Clonality of the tumor with heterogeneous ploidy constitution was checked by mutation pattern of K-ras codon 12. To assess the significance of polyploidy detected in the diploid tumor component, the present materials were confined to 23 tumors that contained diploid tumor cells.1) Eight diploid tumors without polyploidy that invaded the submucosa or deeper were greater than 2 cm in diameter. 2) Aneuploidy was detected in tissue sections from 9 out of 15 tumors that had diploid component with polyploidy, and was occasionally predominant in the extramucosal invasive parts. 3) Near-diploid aneuploidy was detected in the cells isolated from diploid (+ polyploid) regions of 2 tumors with aneuploidy. 4) Three of the 6 tumors with heterogeneous ploidy constituents had ras mutation with the mutation patterns common to diploid and aneuploid parts. These findings suggest that aneuploid cells evolve preferentially from the diploid tumor cell population with polyploidy, which often include near-diploid aneuploidy.
Polyploid
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Vitrification
Embryo cryopreservation
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Abstract In order to evaluate the significance of cytometric aneuploidy in molar placentas, we analyzed 197 hydatidiform moles by flow cytometry using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues. Of 150 complete moles (CMs), 110 were diploid, 26 were tetraploid, and 14 were aneuploid (non‐triploid/tetraploid aneuploid). Of 47 partial moles (PMs), 44 were triploid and 3 were diploid. We could not find any histologic differences among the diploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid CMs. We found that flow cytometric DNA analysis was very helpful to differentiate CM from PM. Persistent diseases developed in 12 of 69 CMs (17.4%) (9 of 47 diploid and 3 of 14 tetraploid CMs) and in none of 26 PMs (0%). Four diploid and 2 tetraploid CMs were invasive and one each with diploid and tetraploid CM developed choriocarcinoma and none of 8 aneuploid CMs had sequelae; however, there was no correlation between DNA ploidy and clinical outcome in the CMs. These results suggest that cytometric aneuploidy (non‐diploidy) in CMs is not an independent predictor of persistent disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Blastomere
Propanediol
Cleavage (geology)
Embryo cryopreservation
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We have previously demonstrated that parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes can be induced by exposure to 100 μM progesterone for 6 h, and activated eggs developed to the blastocyst stage. Here we examined the pre- and post-implantation development of these parthenogenones in mice, and whether they could be rescued and develop to term by forming aggregation chimeras with in vivo-derived embryos or triploids. When these parthenogenetic embryos were diploidized by 5 μg/ml cytochalasin B, 23% of them developed to the blastocyst stage, and the implantation rate was 51% after transfer to recipients. Live parthenogenetic fetuses were also found on day 10.5 of gestation, but parthenogenones could not survive beyond day 10.5 of gestation. To rescue these lethal parthenogenetic embryos, aggregation chimeras of parthenogenones and in vivo-derived embryos were made at the 4-cell stage. Sixty six percent of chimeric embryos which developed to single blastocysts were transferred to 8 recipients. Two of them delivered a total of nine live pups, and one of them was chimeric. In the present study we confirmed that parthenogenetic mouse embryos, even when activated by progesterone, developed to the mid-gestation stage, and could be rescued by forming chimeras consisted of parthenogenetic and diploid embryos. On the other hand, aggregation chimeras derived from parthenogenetic and triploid embryos were lethal after implantation.
Parthenogenesis
Chimera (genetics)
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Live birth
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In this study, we aimed to determine whether human embryos secrete interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into culture media and its correlation with embryo grade and development. Culture media supernatants of 100 embryos obtained from 39 cycles of 38 patients and cultivated individually were collected 2 and 3 days after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). IL-1β concentrations of samples were determined with ELISA and compared with embryo grades and blastomere numbers. Embryo grades and the amount of IL-1β they secreted were found not to be correlated (p:0.559). Numbers of blastomeres each embryo had at 2nd and 3rd days were found to be correlated with IL-1β secreted (p:0.00 and p:0.00, respectively). Mean amount of IL-1β secreted by the embryos from ejaculated sperm cycles were found to be significantly higher than that of embryos from TESE cycles (p:0.016). Patient age and etiology of infertility were not correlated with the amount of IL-1β secreted and embryo grade. In conclusion, preimplantation human embryos secrete IL-1β in their media in amounts correlated with their blastomere numbers.
Blastomere
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Objective:Compared the methods of superovulation and the development of KM mouse and ICR mouse 2-cell embryos.Methods:29 KM mice were divided into two groups,after 48h or 72h of given PMSG,hCG was injected,and the 2-cell embryos were cultured in vitro.After that,ICR mouse and KM mouse were superovulated according to the conventional method,and the 2-cell embryos were cultured for 72h.Results:The numbers of KM mouse embryos and the percentage of KM mouse blastocysts were significant difference between 48h and 72h(P0.05).The group of 48h had the more number of embryos but the lower percentage of blastocysts.The difference of the percentage of blastocysts between KM mouse and ICR mouse wasn′t significance(P0.05).Conclusion:The interval of injected PMSG and HCG will affect the number and the development of mouse embryos.The development in vitro of 2-cell embryos is same between KM mouse and ICR mouse.
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